Activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in rice seedlings during cyanide metabolism

A study was conducted to investigate activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in plants during cyanide metabolism. Young rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. XZX 45) were grown in the nutrient solutions containing KNO3 or NH4Cl and treated with free cyanide (KCN). Cyanide in solutions and in plant materials was analyzed to estimate the phyto-assimilation potential. Activities of NR and GS in different parts of rice seedlings were assayed in vivo. Seedlings grown on NH4+ showed significantly higher relative growth rate than those on NO3- (p < 0.05) in the presence of exogenous cyanide. The metabolic rates of cyanide by seedlings were all positively correlated to the concentrations supplied. A negligible difference was observed between the two treatments with nitrate and ammonium (p > 0.05). Enzymatic assays showed that cyanide (>= 0.97 mg CN L-1) impaired NR activity significantly in both roots and shoots (p < 0.05). The effect of cyanide on GS activity in roots was more evident at 1.93 mg CN L-1, suggesting that NR activity was more susceptible to change from cyanide application than GS activity. The results observed here suggest that the exogenous cyanide, which to a certain level has a beneficial role in plant nutrition. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.