Spatial variability of litter gaseous flux within a commercial broiler house: Ammonia, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and methane

Twenty-eight flocks were grown on litter in a tunnel-ventilated, curtain-sided commercial broiler house prior to this summer flock. Grid measurements were made using a photo-acoustic multigas analyzer to assess the spatial variability of litter gases (NH3, N2O, CO2, and CH4) on d 1 and 21. The pooled results for the brood and non-brood areas of the house were 1) NH3 flux was greatest in the brood area at d 1, averaging 497 mg/(m(2)center dot h), and had a mean of 370 mg/(m(2)center dot h) in the vacant end of the house; 2) at d 21, the non-brood area had the greater average NH3 flux, 310 mg/(m(2)center dot h), and flux in the brood area was 136 mg/(m(2)center dot h); 3) N2O and CH4 fluxes were < 60 mg/(m(2)center dot h); and 4) on d 1, brood CO2 flux was 6,190 mg/(m(2)center dot h) compared with 5,490 mg/(m(2)center dot h) at the opposite end of the house. On d 21, these values increased to 6,540 and 9,684 mg/(m(2)center dot h) for the brood and non-brood areas. Ammonia flux seemed most affected by litter temperature. Carbon dioxide and CH4 increased from placement to mid growout, corresponding to increased moisture, especially near the fans. Contour plots were developed using geostatistical software to visually assess the spatial disparity among the measurements. This research provides a unique view of gas flux variation within the house. Collinear factors such as house management, bird size and age, and amount of deposition are significant factors for litter gas flux and should be considered in comprehensive models for emission estimates.