A systematic qualitative case study: questions, data collection, NVivo analysis and saturation

Purpose The study aims to explore the case study method with the formation of questions, data collection procedures and analysis, followed by how and on which position the saturation is achieved in developing a centralized Shariah governance framework for Islamic banks in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach Using purposive and snowball sampling procedures, data have been collected from 17 respondents who are working in the central bank and Islamic banks of Bangladesh through face-to-face and semi-structured interviews. Findings The study claims that researchers can form the research questions by using "what" question mark in qualitative research. Besides, the qualitative research and case study could explore the answers of "what" questions along with the "why" and "how" more broadly, descriptively and extensively about a phenomenon. Similarly, saturation can be considered attaining the ultimate point of data collection by the researchers without adding anything in the databank. Overall, this study proposes three stages of saturation: First, information redundancy. Second, referring the respondents (already considered in the study) without knowing anything about the data collection and their responses. Third, through the NVivo open coding process due to the decrease of reference or quotes in a certain position or in the saturation position as a result of fewer outcomes or insufficient information. The saturation is thus achieved in the diversified positions, i.e. three respondents for regulatory, nine for Shariah scholars and officers and five for the experts concerning the responses and respondents. Research limitations/implications The study has potential implications on the qualitative research method, including the case study, saturation process and points, NVivo analysis and qualitative questions formation. Originality/value This research defines a case study with the inclusion of "what" and illustrates the saturation process in diverse positions. The qualitative research questions can also be formed with "what" in addition "why" and "how".