Monitoring multicomponent transport using in situ ATR FTIR spectroscopy

Membranes are a critical component of many energy generation and storage technologies, including artificial photosynthesis systems that reduce atmospheric CO2 to high-value products. In this study, we used in situ ATR FTIR spectroscopy to monitor the crossover of three commonly-reported CO2 reduction products-methanol, sodium formate, and sodium acetate-through Nafion (R) 117, a common cation exchange membrane. Measurement errors for the permeation of mixtures of solutes are discussed. Permeabilities from one-, two-, and three-solute mixed aqueous solutions were measured using a standard diffusion cell, and ATR FTIR spectra were used to obtain time-resolved concentration data that were fit to a model describing transport of ions and small molecules through hydrated polymer films. The permeability of Nafion (R) 117 to methanol measured using this methodology was in agreement with literature reports. The sorption of methanol, sodium formate, and sodium acetate, and mixtures thereof, were measured using a desorption technique. From the measured permeabilities and solubilities, diffusivities of each solute were calculated. Differences in permeability among the solutes were found to be primarily due to differences in their solubility in Nafion (R) 117.