Treatment of Osseous Defects after Mandibular Third Molar Removal with a Resorbable Alloplastic Grafting Material: A Case Series with 1-to 2-Year Follow-Up

Mandibular third molar (M3) surgical extraction may cause periodontal complications on the distal aspect of the root of the adjacent mandibular second molar (M2). Patients older than 26 years with periodontal pathology on the distal surface of the M2 and a horizontal/mesioangular impacted M3 may benefit from bone regenerative therapy at the time of surgery. In this prospective case series, an alloplastic fully resorbable bone grafting material, consisting of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and calcium sulfate (CS), was used for the treatment of the osseous defects after the removal of horizontal or mesioangular M3s in 4 patients older than 26 years. On presentation, the main radiological finding in all patients, indicating periodontal pathology, was the absence of bone between the crown of the M3 and the distal surface of the root of the M2. To evaluate the treatment outcome, bone gain (BG) was assessed by recording the amount of bone defect (BD) at the time of surgical removal (T0) and at the time of final follow-up (T1) 1 or 2 years post-operatively. The healing in all cases was uneventful, with no complications associated with the use of the alloplastic grafting material. Clinical and radiological examination at T1 revealed that all extraction sites were adequately restored, with significant BG of 6.07 +/- 0.28 mm. No residual pathological pockets on the distal surface of the M2 were detected. Pocket depth (PD) at T1 was 2 +/- 0.71 mm. Within the limitations of this case series, the results suggest that beta-TCP/CS can support new bone formation at M3 post-extraction sites where bone regeneration methods are indicated, thus reducing the risk of having persistent or developing new periodontal problems at the adjacent M2.