The HESS Galactic plane survey

被引:211
作者
Abdalla, H. [1 ]
Abramowski, A. [2 ]
Aharonian, F. [3 ,4 ,5 ]
Benkhali, F. Ait [3 ]
Anguener, E. O. [22 ]
Arakawa, M. [41 ]
Arrieta, M. [16 ]
Aubert, P. [24 ]
Backes, M. [8 ]
Balzer, A. [9 ]
Barnard, M. [1 ]
Becherini, Y. [10 ]
Tjus, J. Becker [11 ]
Berge, D. [12 ,13 ]
Bernhard, S. [14 ]
Bernloehr, K. [3 ]
Blackwell, R. [15 ]
Boettcher, M. [1 ]
Boisson, C. [16 ]
Bolmont, J. [17 ]
Bonnefoy, S. [36 ]
Bordas, P. [3 ]
Bregeon, J. [18 ]
Brun, F. [26 ]
Brun, P. [19 ,26 ]
Bryan, M. [9 ]
Buechele, M. [35 ]
Bulik, T. [20 ]
Capasso, M. [28 ]
Carrigan, S. [3 ,45 ]
Caroff, S. [29 ]
Carosi, A. [24 ]
Casanova, S. [3 ,22 ]
Cerruti, M. [17 ]
Chakraborty, N. [3 ]
Chaves, R. C. G. [18 ]
Chen, A. [23 ]
Chevalier, J. [24 ]
Colafrancesco, S. [23 ]
Condon, B. [26 ]
Conrad, J. [27 ]
Davids, I. D. [8 ]
Decock, J. [19 ]
Deil, C. [3 ]
Devin, J. [18 ]
deWilt, P. [15 ]
Dirson, L. [2 ]
Djannati-Atai, A. [30 ]
Domainko, W. [3 ]
Donath, A. [3 ]
机构
[1] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
[2] Univ Hamburg, Inst Exptt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
[3] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
[4] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland
[5] Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia
[6] Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia
[7] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
[8] Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
[9] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
[10] Linnaeus Univ, Dept Phys & Elect Engn, S-35195 Vaxjo, Sweden
[11] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
[12] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
[13] Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
[14] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
[15] Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
[16] Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France
[17] UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France
[18] Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France
[19] Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
[20] Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland
[21] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
[22] PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
[23] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
[24] Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France
[25] Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
[26] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France
[27] Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[28] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany
[29] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
[30] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France
[31] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
[32] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England
[33] Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland
[34] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
[35] Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
[36] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
[37] Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland
[38] Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland
[39] Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
[40] Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, Heidelberg, Germany
[41] Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan
[42] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan
[43] Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
[44] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Av Trabalhador Sao Carlense 400, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
[45] Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
[46] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst B 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
[47] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
基金
奥地利科学基金会; 英国科学技术设施理事会; 新加坡国家研究基金会; 澳大利亚研究理事会;
关键词
gamma rays: general; surveys; Galaxy: general; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELD; PULSAR WIND NEBULA; ROTATION-POWERED PULSAR; X-RAY; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; YOUNG PULSAR; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; PSR J1833-1034;
D O I
10.1051/0004-6361/201732098
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
We present the results of the most comprehensive survey of the Galactic plane in very high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays, including a public release of Galactic sky maps, a catalog of VHE sources, and the discovery of 16 new sources of VHE gamma-rays. The High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) Galactic plane survey (HGPS) was a decade-long observation program carried out by the H.E.S.S. I array of Cherenkov telescopes in Namibia from 2004 to 2013. The observations amount to nearly 2700 h of quality-selected data, covering the Galactic plane at longitudes from l = 250 degrees to 65 degrees and latitudes vertical bar b vertical bar <= 3 degrees. In addition to the unprecedented spatial coverage, the HGPS also features a relatively high angular resolution (0.08 degrees approximate to 5 arcmin mean point spread function 68% containment radius), sensitivity (less than or similar to 1.5% Crab flux for point-like sources), and energy range (0.2-100 TeV). We constructed a catalog of VHE gamma-ray sources from the HGPS data set with a systematic procedure for both source detection and characterization of morphology and spectrum. We present this likelihood-based method in detail, including the introduction of a model component to account for unresolved, large-scale emission along the Galactic plane. In total, the resulting HGPS catalog contains 78 VHE sources, of which 14 are not reanalyzed here, for example, due to their complex morphology, namely shell-like sources and the Galactic center region. Where possible, we provide a firm identification of the VHE source or plausible associations with sources in other astronomical catalogs. We also studied the characteristics of the VHE sources with source parameter distributions. 16 new sources were previously unknown or unpublished, and we individually discuss their identifications or possible associations. We firmly identified 31 sources as pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), supernova remnants (SNRs), composite SNRs, or gamma-ray binaries. Among the 47 sources not yet identified, most of them (36) have possible associations with cataloged objects, notably PWNe and energetic pulsars that could power VHE PWNe.
引用
收藏
页数:61
相关论文
共 234 条
[1]   Deeper HESS observations of Vela Junior (RX J0852.0-4622): Morphology studies and resolved spectroscopy [J].
Abdalla, H. ;
Abramowski, A. ;
Aharonian, F. ;
Benkhali, F. Ait ;
Akhperjanian, A. G. ;
Andersson, T. ;
Anguener, E. O. ;
Arakawa, M. ;
Arrieta, M. ;
Aubert, P. ;
Backes, M. ;
Balzer, A. ;
Barnard, M. ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Berge, D. ;
Bernhard, S. ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Blackwell, R. ;
Boettcher, M. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bolmont, J. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brun, F. ;
Brun, P. ;
Bryan, M. ;
Bilchele, M. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Capasso, M. ;
Carr, J. ;
Casanova, S. ;
Cerruti, M. ;
Chakraborty, N. ;
Chalme-Calvet, R. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Chen, A. ;
Chevalier, J. ;
Chretien, M. ;
Coffaro, M. ;
Colafrancesco, S. ;
Cologna, G. ;
Condon, B. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Cui, Y. ;
Davids, I. D. ;
Decock, J. ;
Degrange, B. ;
Deil, C. ;
Devin, J. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2018, 612
[2]   A search for very high-energy flares from the microquasars GRS 1915+105, Circinus X-1, and V4641 Sgr using contemporaneous HESS and RXTE observations [J].
Abdalla, H. ;
Abramowski, A. ;
Aharonian, F. ;
Benkhali, F. Ait ;
Akhperjanian, A. G. ;
Anguenee, E. O. ;
Arrieta, M. ;
Aubert, P. ;
Backes, M. ;
Balzer, A. ;
Barnard, M. ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Berge, D. ;
Bernhard, S. ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Birsin, E. ;
Blackwell, R. ;
Boettcher, M. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bolmont, J. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brun, F. ;
Brun, P. ;
Bryan, M. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Capasso, M. ;
Carr, J. ;
Casanova, S. ;
Chadwick, P. M. ;
Chakraborty, N. ;
Chalme-Calvet, R. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Chen, A. ;
Chevalier, J. ;
Chretien, M. ;
Colafrancesco, S. ;
Cologna, G. ;
Condon, B. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Couturier, C. ;
Cui, Y. ;
Davids, I. D. ;
Degrange, B. ;
Deil, C. ;
deWilt, P. ;
Dickinson, H. J. ;
Djannati-Atai, A. ;
Domainko, W. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2018, 612
[3]   Characterising the VHE diffuse emission in the central 200 parsecs of our Galaxy with HESS [J].
Abdalla, H. ;
Abramowski, A. ;
Aharonian, F. ;
Benkhali, F. Ait ;
Akhperjanian, A. G. ;
Andersson, T. ;
Anguener, E. O. ;
Arakawa, M. ;
Arrieta, M. ;
Aubert, P. ;
Backes, M. ;
Balzer, A. ;
Barnard, M. ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Berge, D. ;
Bernhard, S. ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Blackwell, R. ;
Boettcher, M. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bolmont, J. ;
Bonnefoy, S. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brun, F. ;
Brun, P. ;
Bryan, M. ;
Buechele, M. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Capasso, M. ;
Carr, J. ;
Casanova, S. ;
Cerruti, M. ;
Chakraborty, N. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Chen, A. ;
Chevalier, J. ;
Coffaro, M. ;
Colafrancesco, S. ;
Cologna, G. ;
Condon, B. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Cui, Y. ;
Davids, I. D. ;
Decock, J. ;
Degrange, B. ;
Deil, C. ;
Devin, J. ;
deWilt, P. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2018, 612
[4]   HESS J1741-302: a hidden accelerator in the Galactic plane [J].
Abdalla, H. ;
Abramowski, A. ;
Aharonian, F. ;
Benkhali, F. Ait ;
Anguner, E. O. ;
Arakawa, M. ;
Armand, C. ;
Arrieta, M. ;
Backes, M. ;
Balzer, A. ;
Barnard, M. ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Berge, D. ;
Bernhard, S. ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Blackwell, R. ;
Boettcher, M. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bolmont, J. ;
Bonnefoy, S. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brun, F. ;
Brun, P. ;
Bryan, M. ;
Buechele, M. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Capasso, M. ;
Caroff, S. ;
Carosi, A. ;
Casanova, S. ;
Cerruti, M. ;
Chakraborty, N. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Chen, A. ;
Chevalier, J. ;
Colafrancesco, S. ;
Condon, B. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Davids, I. D. ;
Decock, J. ;
Deil, C. ;
Devin, J. ;
deWilt, P. ;
Dirson, L. ;
Djannati-Atai, A. ;
Donath, A. ;
O'Cdrury, L. ;
Dyks, J. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2018, 612
[5]   Population study of Galactic supernova remnants at very high γ-ray energies with HESS [J].
Abdalla, H. ;
Abramowski, A. ;
Aharonian, F. ;
Benkhali, F. Ait ;
Anguener, E. O. ;
Arakawa, M. ;
Arrieta, M. ;
Aubert, P. ;
Backes, M. ;
Balzer, A. ;
Barnard, M. ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Berge, D. ;
Bernhard, S. ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Blackwell, R. ;
Boettcher, M. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bolmont, J. ;
Bonnefoy, S. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brun, F. ;
Brun, P. ;
Bryan, M. ;
Buechele, M. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Capasso, M. ;
Caroff, S. ;
Carosi, A. ;
Casanova, S. ;
Cerruti, M. ;
Chakraborty, N. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Chen, A. ;
Chevalier, J. ;
Colafrancesco, S. ;
Condon, B. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Davids, I. D. ;
Decock, J. ;
Deil, C. ;
Devin, J. ;
deWilt, P. ;
Dirson, L. ;
Djannati-Atai, A. ;
Donath, A. ;
Drury, L. O'C. ;
Dutson, K. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2018, 612
[6]  
Abdalla H, 2018, ASTRON ASTROPHYS, V612, DOI [10.1051/0004-6361/201628695, 10.1051/0004-6361/201629695]
[7]   The supernova remnant W49B as seen with HESS and Fermi-LAT [J].
Abdalla, H. ;
Abramowski, A. ;
Aharonian, F. ;
Benkhali, F. Ait ;
Akhperjanian, A. G. ;
Andersson, T. ;
Anguener, O. ;
Arrieta, M. ;
Aubert, P. ;
Backes, M. ;
Balzer, A. ;
Barnard, M. ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Berge, D. ;
Bernhard, S. ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Blackwell, R. ;
Boettcher, M. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bolmont, J. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brun, F. ;
Brun, P. ;
Bryan, M. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Capasso, M. ;
Carr, J. ;
Casanova, S. ;
Cerruti, M. ;
Chakraborty, N. ;
Chalme-Calvet, R. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Chen, A. ;
Chevalier, J. ;
Chretien, M. ;
Colafrancesco, S. ;
Cologna, G. ;
Condon, B. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Cui, Y. ;
Davids, I. D. ;
Decock, J. ;
Degrange, B. ;
Deil, C. ;
Devin, J. ;
deWilt, P. ;
Dirson, L. ;
Djannati-Atai, A. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2018, 612
[8]   The population of TeV pulsar wind nebulae in the HESS Galactic Plane Survey [J].
Abdalla, H. ;
Abramowski, A. ;
Aharonian, F. ;
Benkhali, F. Ait ;
Akhperjanian, A. G. ;
Andersson, T. ;
Anguener, E. O. ;
Arrieta, M. ;
Aubert, P. ;
Backes, M. ;
Balzer, A. ;
Barnard, M. ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Berge, D. ;
Bernhard, S. ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Blackwell, R. ;
Boettcher, M. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bolmont, J. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brun, F. ;
Brun, P. ;
Bryan, M. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Capasso, M. ;
Carr, J. ;
Carrigan, S. ;
Casanova, S. ;
Cerruti, M. ;
Chakraborty, N. ;
Chalme-Calvet, R. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Chen, A. ;
Chevalier, J. ;
Chretien, M. ;
Colafrancesco, S. ;
Cologna, G. ;
Condon, B. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Couturier, C. ;
Cui, Y. ;
Davids, I. D. ;
Degrange, B. ;
Deil, C. ;
Devin, J. ;
dewilt, P. ;
Dirson, L. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2018, 612
[9]   Systematic search for very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from bow shocks of runaway stars [J].
Abdalla, H. ;
Abramowski, A. ;
Aharonian, F. ;
Benkhali, F. Ait ;
Akhperjanian, A. G. ;
Andersson, T. ;
Anguener, E. O. ;
Arakawa, M. ;
Arrieta, M. ;
Aubert, P. ;
Backes, M. ;
Balzer, A. ;
Barnard, M. ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Berge, D. ;
Bernhard, S. ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Blackwell, R. ;
Bottcher, M. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bolmont, J. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brun, F. ;
Brun, P. ;
Bryan, M. ;
Buechele, M. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Capasso, M. ;
Carr, J. ;
Casanova, S. ;
Cerruti, M. ;
Chakraborty, N. ;
Chalme-Calvet, R. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Chen, A. ;
Chevalier, J. ;
Chretien, M. ;
Coffaro, M. ;
Colafrancesco, S. ;
Cologna, G. ;
Condon, B. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Cui, Y. ;
Davids, I. D. ;
Decock, J. ;
Degrange, B. ;
Deil, C. ;
Devin, J. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2018, 612
[10]   A search for new supernova remnant shells in the Galactic plane with HESS [J].
Abdalla, H. ;
Abramowski, A. ;
Aharonian, F. ;
Benkhali, F. Ait ;
Akhperjanian, A. G. ;
Andersson, T. ;
Anguener, E. O. ;
Arakawa, M. ;
Arrieta, M. ;
Aubert, P. ;
Backes, M. ;
Balzer, A. ;
Barnard, M. ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Berge, D. ;
Bernhard, S. ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Blackwell, R. ;
Boettcher, M. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bolmont, J. ;
Bonnefoy, S. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brun, F. ;
Brun, P. ;
Bryan, M. ;
Buechele, M. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Capasso, M. ;
Carr, J. ;
Casanova, S. ;
Cerruti, M. ;
Chakraborty, N. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Chen, A. ;
Chevalier, J. ;
Coffaro, M. ;
Colafrancesco, S. ;
Cologna, G. ;
Condon, B. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Cui, Y. ;
Davids, I. D. ;
Decock, J. ;
Degrange, B. ;
Deil, C. ;
Devin, J. ;
deWilt, P. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2018, 612