An Empirical Study of Patent Grant Rates as a Function of Race and Gender

被引:17
作者
Schuster, W. Michael [1 ]
Davis, R. Evan [2 ]
Schley, Kourtenay [3 ]
Ravenscraft, Julie [3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Georgia, Terry Coll Business, Athens, GA 30602 USA
[2] Ohio State Univ, Spears Sch Business, Profess Practice, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
[3] Ohio State Univ, Spears Sch Business, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
[4] Missouri State Univ, Accountancy, Springfield, MO USA
关键词
DOUBLE JEOPARDY; RACIAL BIAS; BLACK; DIVERSITY; ETHNICITY; WOMEN; JOB; INTERSECTIONALITY; ASSOCIATION; STEREOTYPES;
D O I
10.1111/ablj.12159
中图分类号
F [经济];
学科分类号
02 ;
摘要
In this article we examine the rate at which patent applications are granted as a function of the inventor's race and gender. Empirical analysis of more than 3.9 million U.S. applications finds minority and women applicants are significantly less likely to secure a patent relative to the balance of inventors. Further analysis indicates that a portion of this bias is introduced during prosecution at the Patent Office, independent of the quality of the application. Mechanisms underlying these disparities are explored. The article concludes with a discussion of our results and their interaction with patent law, innovation policy, and employment trends.
引用
收藏
页码:281 / 319
页数:39
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