2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside promotes the effects of dental pulp stem cells on rebuilding periodontal tissues in experimental periodontal defects

Background This study aimed to investigate the regenerative effects of 2,3,5,4 '-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-d-glucoside (THSG)-treated human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) on the healing of experimental periodontal defects in rats. Materials and methods The maxillary first molars of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were extracted, and after healing, bilateral periodontal defects were surgically created mesially in second molars. The defects were treated with Matrigel (as control), DPSC, or DPSC + THSG. After 2 weeks, the healed defects were evaluated using microcomputed tomography and through histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Results In the microcomputed tomography analysis, more new bone formation in the DPSC and DPSC + THSG groups was observed compared with the control group. The periodontal bone supporting ratio in site with DPSC + THSG was significantly higher than that in DPSC. Histologically, an enhanced new bone formation and more significant periodontal attachment were observed in the DPSC + THSG group. The expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and osteopontin (OPN) in the DPSC + THSG group were significantly greater than those in other groups. Conclusions THSG-revolutionized DPSCs significantly shortened the regenerative period of periodontal defects by enhancing the cell recruitment and possibly the angiogenesis in rat models, which illustrate the critical implications for a clinical application and provide a novel tactic for periodontitis treatment.