Measurement of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum above 2.5 x 1018 eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory

被引：113

作者：

Aab, A. ^{[1
]}

Abreu, P. ^{[2
,3
]}

Aglietta, M. ^{[4
,5
]}

Albury, J. M. ^{[6
]}

Allekotte, I ^{[7
,8
]}

Almela, A. ^{[9
,10
]}

Castillo, J. Alvarez ^{[11
]}

Alvarez-Muniz, J. ^{[12
]}

Batista, R. Alves ^{[1
]}

Anastasi, G. A. ^{[5
,13
]}

Anchordoqui, L. ^{[14
]}

Andrada, B. ^{[9
]}

Andringa, S. ^{[2
,3
]}

Aramo, C. ^{[15
]}

Ferreira, P. R. Araujo ^{[16
]}

Asorey, H. ^{[9
]}

Assis, P. ^{[2
,3
]}

Avila, G. ^{[17
,18
]}

Badescu, A. M. ^{[19
]}

Bakalova, A. ^{[20
]}

Balaceanu, A. ^{[21
]}

Barbato, F. ^{[15
,22
]}

Luz, R. J. Barreira ^{[2
,3
]}

Becker, K. H. ^{[23
]}

Bellido, J. A. ^{[6
]}

Berat, C. ^{[24
]}

Bertaina, M. E. ^{[5
,13
]}

Bertou, X. ^{[7
,8
]}

Biermann, P. L. ^{[25
]}

Bister, T. ^{[16
]}

Biteau, J. ^{[26
]}

Blanco, A. ^{[2
,3
]}

Blazek, J. ^{[20
]}

Bleve, C. ^{[24
]}

Bohacova, M. ^{[20
]}

Boncioli, D. ^{[27
,28
]}

Bonifazi, C. ^{[29
]}

Arbeletche, L. Bonneau ^{[30
]}

Borodai, N. ^{[31
]}

Botti, A. M. ^{[9
]}

Brack, J. ^{[32
]}

Bretz, T. ^{[16
]}

Briechle, F. L. ^{[16
]}

Buchholz, P. ^{[33
]}

Bueno, A. ^{[34
,35
]}

Buitink, S. ^{[36
]}

Buscemi, M. ^{[37
,38
]}

Caballero-Mora, K. S. ^{[39
]}

Caccianiga, L. ^{[40
,41
]}

Calcagni, L. ^{[42
,43
]}

机构：

[1] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Nijmegen, Netherlands

[2] Univ Lisboa UL, Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas LIP, Lisbon, Portugal

[3] Univ Lisboa UL, Inst Super Tecn IST, Lisbon, Portugal

[4] Osservatorio Astrofis Torino INAF, Turin, Italy

[5] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, Turin, Italy

[6] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

[7] Ctr Atom Bariloche, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina

[8] Inst Balseiro CNEA UNCuyo CONICET, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina

[9] UNSAM, Inst Tecnol Detecc & Astroparticulas, CONICET, CNEA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[10] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[11] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico

[12] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Galego Fis Altas Enerxias IGFAE, Santiago De Compostela, Spain

[13] Univ Torino, Dipartimento Fis, Turin, Italy

[14] CUNY, Dept Phys & Astron, Lehman Coll, Bronx, NY USA

[15] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, Naples, Italy

[16] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, Aachen, Germany

[17] Observ Pierre Auger, Malargue, Argentina

[18] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Malargue, Argentina

[19] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania

[20] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic

[21] Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania

[22] Univ Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Fis Ettore Pancini, Naples, Italy

[23] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Wuppertal, Germany

[24] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Inst Engn, CNRS, LPSC IN2P3, F-38000 Grenoble, France

[25] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Bonn, Germany

[26] Univ Paris Saclay, IJCLab, CNRS, IN2P3, Orsay, France

[27] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Chim, Laquila, Italy

[28] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, Laquila, Italy

[29] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

[30] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

[31] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow, Poland

[32] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA

[33] Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys Expt Teilchenphys 7, Siegen, Germany

[34] Univ Granada, Granada, Spain

[35] CAFPE, Granada, Spain

[36] Vrije Univ Brussels, Brussels, Belgium

[37] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Catania, Italy

[38] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, Catania, Italy

[39] Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico

[40] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy

[41] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, Milan, Italy

[42] Univ Nacl La Plata, IFLP, La Plata, Argentina

[43] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, La Plata, Argentina

[44] Natl Inst Kernfys Hoge Energie Fys NIKHEF, Sci Pk, Amsterdam, Netherlands

[45] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Engn Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil

[46] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, Lecce, Italy

[47] Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil

[48] Palacky Univ, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic

[49] UNSAM, CONICET, CNEA, Inst Tecnol Detect & Astroparticulas, Mendoza, Argentina

[50] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Mendoza, CONICET, CNEA, Mendoza, Argentina

来源：

PHYSICAL REVIEW D | 2020年 / 102卷 / 06期

基金：

巴西圣保罗研究基金会; 美国国家科学基金会; 澳大利亚研究理事会;

关键词：

FLUORESCENCE; SHOWERS; ANISOTROPY; EMISSION; DETECTOR;

D O I：

10.1103/PhysRevD.102.062005

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays for energies above 2.5 x 10(18) eV based on 215,030 events recorded with zenith angles below 60 degrees. A key feature of the work is that the estimates of the energies are independent of assumptions about the unknown hadronic physics or of the primary mass composition. The measurement is the most precise made hitherto with the accumulated exposure being so large that the measurements of the flux are dominated by systematic uncertainties except at energies above 5 x 10(19) eV. The principal conclusions are (1) The flattening of the spectrum near 5 x 10(18) eV, the so-called "ankle," is confirmed. (2) The steepening of the spectrum at around 5 x 10(19) eV is confirmed. (3) A new feature has been identified in the spectrum: in the region above the ankle the spectral index gamma of the particle flux (proportional to E-gamma) changes from 2.51 +/- 0.03 (stat) +/- 0.05 (syst) to 3.05 +/- 0.05 (stat) +/- 0.10 (syst) before changing sharply to 5.1 +/- 0.3 (stat) +/- 0.1 (syst) above 5 x 10(19) eV. (4) No evidence for any dependence of the spectrum on declination has been found other than a mild excess from the Southern Hemisphere that is consistent with the anisotropy observed above 8 x 10(18) eV.

引用

页数：27

共 57 条

[51] Cosmic ray anisotropy analysis with a full-sky observatory [J].