The GFDL Global Atmosphere and Land Model AM4.0/LM4.0:2. Model Description, Sensitivity Studies, and Tuning Strategies

被引：233

作者：

Zhao, M. ^{[1
]}

Golaz, J. -C. ^{[1
,2
]}

Held, I. M. ^{[1
]}

Guo, H. ^{[3
]}

Balaji, V. ^{[4
]}

Benson, R. ^{[1
]}

Chen, J. -H. ^{[1
]}

Chen, X. ^{[4
]}

Donner, L. J. ^{[1
]}

Dunne, J. P. ^{[1
]}

Dunne, K. ^{[5
]}

Durachta, J. ^{[1
]}

Fan, S. -M. ^{[1
]}

Freidenreich, S. M. ^{[1
]}

Garner, S. T. ^{[1
]}

Ginoux, P. ^{[1
]}

Harris, L. M. ^{[1
]}

Horowitz, L. W. ^{[1
]}

Krasting, J. P. ^{[1
]}

Langenhorst, A. R. ^{[1
]}

Liang, Z. ^{[1
]}

Lin, P. ^{[1
]}

Lin, S. -J. ^{[1
]}

Malyshev, S. L. ^{[1
]}

Mason, E. ^{[6
]}

Milly, P. C. D. ^{[1
,5
]}

Ming, Y. ^{[1
]}

Naik, V. ^{[1
]}

Paulot, F. ^{[4
]}

Paynter, D. ^{[1
]}

Phillipps, P. ^{[1
]}

Radhakrishnan, A. ^{[6
]}

Ramaswamy, V. ^{[1
]}

Robinson, T. ^{[6
]}

Schwarzkopf, D. ^{[1
]}

Seman, C. J. ^{[1
]}

Shevliakova, E. ^{[1
]}

Shen, Z. ^{[4
]}

Shin, H. ^{[4
]}

Silvers, L. G. ^{[4
]}

Wilson, J. R. ^{[7
]}

Winton, M. ^{[1
]}

Wittenberg, A. T. ^{[1
]}

Wyman, B. ^{[1
]}

Xiang, B. ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA

[2] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA

[3] UCAR, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA

[4] Princeton Univ, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA

[5] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA

[6] Engility Corp, GFDL, Dover, NJ USA

[7] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA

来源：

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS | 2018年 / 10卷 / 03期

关键词：

PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTIONS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; PART I; CUMULUS CONVECTION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; MOIST CONVECTION; DYNAMICAL CORE;

D O I：

10.1002/2017MS001209

中图分类号：

P4 [大气科学（气象学）];

学科分类号：

0706 ; 070601 ;

摘要：

In Part 2 of this two-part paper, documentation is provided of key aspects of a version of the AM4.0/LM4.0 atmosphere/land model that will serve as a base for a new set of climate and Earth system models (CM4 and ESM4) under development at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The quality of the simulation in AMIP (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project) mode has been provided in Part 1. Part 2 provides documentation of key components and some sensitivities to choices of model formulation and values of parameters, highlighting the convection parameterization and orographic gravity wave drag. The approach taken to tune the model's clouds to observations is a particular focal point. Care is taken to describe the extent to which aerosol effective forcing and Cess sensitivity have been tuned through the model development process, both of which are relevant to the ability of the model to simulate the evolution of temperatures over the last century when coupled to an ocean model.

引用

页码：735 / 769

页数：35

共 169 条

[1]

Alexander MJ, 1999, J ATMOS SCI, V56, P4167, DOI 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<4167:ASPOMF>2.0.CO

[2]

[3] The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations [J].

Anderson, JL ;

Balaji, V ;

Broccoli, AJ ;

Cooke, WF ;

Delworth, TL ;

Dixon, KW ;

Donner, LJ ;

Dunne, KA ;

Freidenreich, SM ;

Garner, ST ;

Gudgel, RG ;

Gordon, CT ;

Held, IM ;

Hemler, RS ;

Horowitz, LW ;

Klein, SA ;

Knutson, TR ;

Kushner, PJ ;

Langenhost, AR ;

Lau, NC ;

Liang, Z ;

Malyshev, SL ;

Milly, PCD ;

Nath, MJ ;

Ploshay, JJ ;

Ramaswamy, V ;

Schwarzkopf, MD ;

Shevliakova, E ;

Sirutis, JJ ;

Soden, BJ ;

Stern, WF ;

Thompson, LA ;

Wilson, RJ ;

Wittenberg, AT ;

Wyman, BL .

JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, 2004, 17 (24) :4641-4673

[4]

[Anonymous], 2020, Gothenburg Protocol to reduce transboundary air pollution, DOI DOI 10.5860/CHOICE.44-4512

[5]

[Anonymous], 1953, HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY S

[6]

[Anonymous], 2017, GEOPHYS RES LETT, DOI DOI 10.1002/2016GL070695

[7]

[Anonymous], 2005, FUNDAMENTALS ATMOSPH, DOI DOI 10.1017/CBO9781139165389

[8]

ARAKAWA A, 1974, J ATMOS SCI, V31, P674, DOI 10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<0674:IOACCE>2.0.CO

[9]

[10] TRACE-ELEMENTS IN THE ATMOSPHERE OVER THE NORTH-ATLANTIC [J].

ARIMOTO, R ;

DUCE, RA ;

RAY, BJ ;

ELLIS, WG ;

CULLEN, JD ;

MERRILL, JT .

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 1995, 100 (D1) :1199-1213

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →