Serum interleukin-1β in subjects with abdominal obesity and periodontitis

Background & objective: Abdominal obesity and periodontal diseases are believed to share close relation through commonality of chronic inflammation. Both inflammatory periodontal disease and excess abdominal fat modulate their systemic influences through several inflammatory mediators. The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare serum interleukin-1 beta levels in subjects with abdominal obesity and periodontal disease. Methods: Sixty non-diabetic and non-smoking subjects (aged 25-49 years; 28 females and 32 males) were assessed for abdominal obesity by waist to hip ratio. Full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements were recorded for determination of periodontal status. Serum samples were obtained and interleukin-1 beta was assessed using commercially available ELISA kit. Obtained data were analyzed statistically. Results: Measures of abdominal obesity and periodontal disease were found to significantly influence the serum interleukin-1 beta. Abdominally obese subjects had significantly higher serum interleukin-1 beta in healthy (p = 0.006), gingivitis (p < 0.001) and periodontitis (p < 0.001) groups. There was a significant difference in serum interleukin-1 beta levels among subjects with different periodontal status in both non obese (F(2,27) = 18.17, p < 0.0001) and obese groups (F(2,27) = 15.70, p < 0.0001). Serum interleukin-1 beta was significantly correlated with PI, GI, BOP%, PD and CAL non obese and obese groups. A significant correlation was also seen with WC, HC and WHR only in obese group. Conclusion: Significant changes in serum interleukin-1 beta are influenced by abdominal obesity and periodontal status independently even in the absence of diabetes mellitus and smoking. Serum interleukin-1 beta was significantly higher in patients with abdominal obesity and periodontitis. (C) 2015 Asian Oceanian Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.