Chemical variability of groundwater samples collected from a coal seam gas exploration well, Maramarua, New Zealand

被引：45

作者：

Taulis, Mauricio ^{[1
]}

Milke, Mark ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Earth Environm & Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia

[2] Univ Canterbury, Dept Civil & Nat Resources Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand

来源：

WATER RESEARCH | 2013年 / 47卷 / 03期

关键词：

Coal seam gas (CSG); Coalbed methane (CBM); Groundwater; Waikato; Hydrochemistry; Geochemical modelling; EPHEMERAL STREAM CHANNELS; METHANE PRODUCT WATER; POWDER RIVER-BASIN; TRACE-ELEMENTS; CHEMISTRY; QUALITY;

D O I：

10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.003

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

A pilot study has produced 31 groundwater samples from a coal seam gas (CSG) exploration well located in Maramarua, New Zealand. This paper describes sources of CSG water chemistry variations, and makes sampling and analytical recommendations to minimize these variations. The hydrochemical character of these samples is studied using factor analysis, geochemical modelling, and a sparging experiment. Factor analysis unveils carbon dioxide (CO2) degassing as the principal cause of sample variation (about 33%). Geochemical modelling corroborates these results and identifies minor precipitation of carbonate minerals with degassing. The sparging experiment confirms the effect of CO2 degassing by showing a steady rise in pH while maintaining constant alkalinity. Factor analysis correlates variations in the major ion composition (about 17%) to changes in the pumping regime and to aquifer chemistry variations due to cation exchange reactions with argillaceous minerals. An effective CSG water sampling program can be put into practice by measuring pH at the wellhead and alkalinity at the laboratory; these data can later be used to calculate the carbonate speciation at the time the sample was collected. In addition, TDS variations can be reduced considerably if a correct drying temperature of 180 degrees C is consistently implemented. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：1021 / 1034

页数：14

共 29 条

[1]

[Anonymous], 1999, Section 5310: Total organic carbon (TOC). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, P1

[2]

[Anonymous], 024045 US GEOL SURV

[3]

Chatfield C., 1996, ANAL TIME SERIES INT, Vxii, P283

[4]

CRL Energy Ltd, 2010, ANN REV

[5] Interannual variability of carbon dioxide drawdown by subantarctic surface water near New Zealand [J].

Currie, Kim I. ;

Reid, Malcolm R. ;

Hunter, Keith A. .

BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, 2011, 104 (1-3) :23-34

[6]

Davis J.C., 2002, STAT DATA ANAL GEOLO, Vxvi, P638

[7]

Decker A.D., 1987, Proceedings of the 1987 Coalbed Methane Symposium, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, P229

[8]

Domenico P.A., 1998, PHYS CHEM HYDROGEOLO, Vxiii, P506

[9]

Edbrooke S.W., 1981, M85 NZ GEOL SURV, P59

[10]

Freeze R. A., 1979, GROUNDWATER, V16, P604

← 1 2 3 →