Ecological and practical significances of crop species preferential N uptake matching with soil N dynamics

被引:68
作者
Zhang, Jinbo [2 ,3 ]
Wang, Jing [1 ]
Mueller, Christoph [5 ,6 ]
Cai, Zucong [3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
[2] Jiangsu Ctr Collaborat Innovat Geog Informat Reso, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
[3] State Key Lab Cultivat Base Geog Environm Evolut, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
[4] Nanjing Normal Univ, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
[5] Univ Giessen, Dept Plant Ecol IFZ, Heinrich Buff Ring 26, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
[6] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin, Ireland
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Preferential N uptake; Soil gross N transformation dynamics; N use efficiency (NUE); N loss; N-15; tracing; PLANT NITROGEN ASSIMILATION; SUBTROPICAL SOILS; AMMONIUM; NITRATE; MECHANISMS; CLIMATE; GROWTH; YIELD; NITRIFICATION;
D O I
10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.08.009
中图分类号
S15 [土壤学];
学科分类号
0903 ; 090301 ;
摘要
Nitrogen (N) transformation dynamics are often adapted to the prevailing climatic conditions and also in response to plant N uptake characteristics of species in natural ecosystems. Thus, the interplay between plant species preferential N uptake and soil N transformation characteristics is key to an optimized N use efficiency (NUE) and the understanding how N losses via denitrification, leaching or runoff can be minimized. However, despite the intimate connection between plant and soil N characteristics is well known, only a few quantitative studies are available that address these internal ecosystem connections on a mechanistic level. In this study, the N recoveries and N balances of cucumber, potato and rice, which differ in their preferential N-uptake, were investigated under different pH conditions (pH 4.9 and 7.8, respectively). N recoveries of applied N-15 either as nitrate or ammonium in plant and soil were determined and N losses were calculated by N-15 balance. The results indicate that not only the match of the applied dominant N form with the optimal preferential N-uptake of crop species, but also soil N transformation characteristics could significantly affect the recoveries and losses of applied N-15. Crops preferring ammonium took up more of the applied ammonium-N in the soil characterized by low N/M (nitrification rate/mineralization rate) ratios than in the soil with high N/M ratios. In contrast, crops preferring nitrate took up more applied ammonium-N in the soil with high N/M ratios than in the soil with low N/M ratios. A match exists between the applied N form with crop species preferential N uptake and that soil gross N transformation dynamics playing an important role in providing an essential support for the specific plant associated N use. It is the intimate connection between plant and soil N dynamics that is critical for an enhanced NUE with reduced N losses in monoculture agricultural systems. These observations can serve as a blueprint for the introduction of new crop species by taking into account site-specific soil and climatic conditions as well as known plant N-uptake characteristics. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:63 / 70
页数:8
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