Adaptive and innate immune mechanisms in cardiac fibrosis complicating pulmonary arterial hypertension

被引:9
作者
Siamwala, Jamila H. [1 ,2 ]
Zhao, Alexander [1 ]
Barthel, Haley [1 ]
Pagano, Francesco S. [1 ]
Gilbert, Richard J. [3 ]
Rounds, Sharon [2 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Brown Univ, Dept Mol Pharmacol Physiol & Biotechnol, Providence, RI 02912 USA
[2] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence VA Med Ctr, Providence, RI 02912 USA
[3] Providence VA Med Ctr, Ocean State Res Inst, Providence, RI USA
[4] Brown Univ, Dept Med, Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA
来源
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS | 2020年 / 8卷 / 15期
关键词
heart failure; hypertrophy; inflammation; innate immunity; interleukin-1; beta; pulmonary arterial hypertension; right ventricular fibrosis; tissue resident macrophages; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS; FIBROBLASTS; CELLS; INFLAMMATION; MACROPHAGES; ACTIVATION; CARDIOMYOCYTES; PROLIFERATION; INTERLEUKIN-1;
D O I
10.14814/phy2.14532
中图分类号
Q4 [生理学];
学科分类号
071003 ;
摘要
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a syndrome diagnosed by increased mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure and resistance and normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. PAH is characterized pathologically by distal pulmonary artery remodeling, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and plexiform lesions (PLs). Right ventricular fibrosis and hypertrophy, leading to right ventricular failure, are the main determinants of mortality in PAH. Recent work suggests that right ventricular fibrosis results from resident cardiac fibroblast activation and conversion to myofibroblasts, leading to replacement of contractile cardiomyocytes with nondistensible tissue incapable of conductivity or contractility. However, the origins, triggers, and consequences of myofibroblast expansion and its pathophysiological relationship with PAH are unclear. Recent advances indicate that signals generated by adaptive and innate immune cells may play a role in right ventricular fibrosis and remodeling. This review summarizes recent insights into the mechanisms by which adaptive and innate immune signals participate in the transition of cardiac fibroblasts to activated myofibroblasts and highlights the existing gaps of knowledge as relates to the development of right ventricular fibrosis.
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页数:12
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