Sex Differences in the Development of Aggressive Behavior in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

被引:12
|
作者
Kulik, Lars [1 ,2 ]
Amici, Federica [2 ,3 ]
Langos, Doreen [1 ,2 ]
Widdig, Anja [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Primatol, Jr Res Grp Primate Kin Select, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
[2] Univ Leipzig, Fac Biosci Pharm & Psychol, Inst Biol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
[3] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Comparat & Dev Psychol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
基金
美国国家卫生研究院; 美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Aggression; Ontogeny; Social bonding; Sociality; Social relationship; FEMALE-DIRECTED AGGRESSION; KIBALE NATIONAL-PARK; ADULT FEMALE; SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS; JAPANESE MACAQUES; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; MALE CHIMPANZEES; INTRAGROUP AGGRESSION; KIN DISCRIMINATION; ASSAMESE MACAQUES;
D O I
10.1007/s10764-015-9853-1
中图分类号
Q95 [动物学];
学科分类号
071002 ;
摘要
Aggressive behavior plays a central role in primate life, having a crucial effect on their reproductive performance and survival and possibly affecting the formation and maintenance of social bonds. Although aggressive behavior might serve a different function in males and females, and sex differences in aggressive behavior seem to emerge early during development, very few studies have investigated whether aggressive patterns follow different developmental trajectories in male and female primates. However, the developmental perspective is crucial to understanding when differences in adults' aggression emerge and which factors trigger them. We here analyzed aggressive interactions in rhesus macaques from birth to sexual maturation (before male dispersal), including male and female focal subjects. We further considered the partner's sex, age, and rank, as well as maternal and paternal kinship, and used powerful multivariate statistical analysis. The probability to initiate aggression was largely similar for both sexes and throughout development. Both males and females were more aggressive toward partners of the same sex and similar age. In contrast, the probability of receiving aggression mostly differed between sexes across development and depended on the social context. The probability of receiving aggression increased through development. Finally, important developmental changes appeared between 2 and 3 yr of age, indicating that this period is crucial for the development of adult social roles. Our results suggest that aggressive behavior largely serves a similar function for both sexes during the first years of development, only partially anticipating adult aggressive patterns.
引用
收藏
页码:764 / 789
页数:26
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