Thermoelectric Properties of Nano/microstructured p-Type Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 Powders Fabricated by Mechanical Alloying and Vacuum Hot Pressing

Two kinds of Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 powder with different particle and grain sizes were fabricated by high-energy ball milling. Powder mixtures with varied weight ratios were consolidated by vacuum hot pressing (HP) to produce nano/ microstructured composites of identical chemical composition. From measurements of the Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity of these composites, a figure of merit (ZT) value of up to 1.19 was achieved at 373 K for the sample containing 40% nanograin powder. This ZT value is higher than that of monolithic nanostructured Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3. It is further noted that the ZT value of this sample in the temperature range of 450 K to 575 K is in the range of 0.7 to 1.1. Such ZT characteristics are suitable for power generation applications as no other material with a similar high ZT value in this temperature range has been observed until now. The achieved high ZT value can probably be attributed to the unique nano/microstructure, in which the dispersed nanograin powder increases the number of phonon scattering sites, which in turn results in a decrease of the thermal conductivity while simultaneously increasing the electrical conductivity, owing to the existence of the microsized powder that can provide a fast carrier transportation network. These results indicate that the nano/microstructured Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 alloy can serve as a high-performance material for application in thermoelectric devices.