Descriptions of Tephritis footei and T-headricki, new species (Diptera: Tephritidae), with notes on their life histories in southern California

Tephritis footei Goeden, n. sp., is a fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) producing a single, annual generation in the flower heads of Artemisia tridentata Nuttall (Asteraceae) belonging to the subtribe Artemisiinae of the tribe Anthemideae in southern California. The egg, first-, second- and third-instar larvae and adults are described and figured, and selected characteristics of these stages are compared with those of other southern California Tephritis. Another new species of Tephritis belonging to the "araneosa complex". like T. footei, also is described: T. headricki Goeden, n. sp. Host plants of T. headricki belong to the genus Solidago of the subtribe Solidagininae of the tribe Astereae. The adults of these two new species are distinguished by a combination of characters involving oviscape lengths, wing patterns, wing lengths, and leg colors. The egg of T. footei is covered by a smooth. membraneous sheath of unknown function. The partial description of the first instar of T. footei is the second such for this instar in the genus Tephritis. Noteworthy for the first instar is confirmation of the fusion of the integumental petal with the stomal sense organ of T. footei, like that of T. teerinki Goeden. Similarly. the partial description of the second instar also is only the second for the genus Tephritis. The third instar has the fewest number of minute acanthae and the most integumental petals circumscribing the prothorax among four other described species. The lower. lateral. integumental petal of the cephalothorax continues around the oral cavity, like that of the third instar of T. teerinki. The life cycle is of the aggregative type and overwintering occurs as long-lived, sexually immature adults.