Alternative and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances: Differences between European and Chinese River/Estuary Systems

被引:288
作者
Heydebreck, Franziska [1 ,2 ]
Tang, Jianhui [3 ]
Xie, Zhiyong [1 ]
Ebinghaus, Ralf [1 ]
机构
[1] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Ctr Mat & Coastal Res, Inst Coastal Res, Dept Environm Chem, D-21502 Geesthacht, Schleswig Holst, Germany
[2] Univ Hamburg, Dept Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
[3] Chinese Acad Sci, Yantai Inst Coastal Zone Res, Key Lab Coastal Zone Environm Proc & Ecol Remedia, Yantai 264003, Shandong, Peoples R China
关键词
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; FLUORINATED ALTERNATIVES; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; LAIZHOU BAY; TRANSPORT; PFAAS; WATER; SEA;
D O I
10.1021/acs.est.5b01648
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The production and use of long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) must comply with national and international regulations. Driven by increasingly stringent regulations, their production has been outsourced to less regulated countries in Asia: In addition, the fluoropolymer industry started to use fluorinated alternatives, such as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid (HFPO-DA). Between August 2013 and September 2014, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of HFPO-DA and legacy PFASs in surface waters of the following river/estuary systems: the Elbe and Rhine Rivers in Germany, the Rhine-Meuse delta in The Netherlands, and the Xiaoqing River in China. Distinct differences were revealed among the study areas; notably, the Chinese samples were highly polluted by an industrial point source discharging mainly perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). This particular point solute resulted in concentrations more than 6000 times higher than an industrial point source observed in the Scheur River, where HFPO-DA was the dominant compound with a concentration of 73.1 ng/L. Moreover, HFPO-DA was detected in all Samples along the coastline of the North Sea, indicating that the compound may be transported from the Rhine-Meuse delta into the German Bight via the water current. To the best of our knowledge, the fluorinated alternative, HFPO-DA, was detected for the first time in surface Waters of Germany and China.
引用
收藏
页码:8386 / 8395
页数:10
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