An efficient multi-factor authenticated key exchange with physically unclonable function

In this paper, we propose an efficient and secure physically unclonable function based multi-factor authenticated key exchange (PUF-MAKE). In a PUF-MAKE setting, we suppose two participants; a user and a server. The user keeps multi-factor authenticators and securely holds a PUF-embedded device while the server maintains PUF outputs for authentication. We first study on how to efficiently construct a PUF-MAKE protocol. The main difficulty comes from that it should establish a common key from both multi-factor authenticators and a PUF-embedded device. Our construction is the first secure PUF-MAKE protocol that just needs three communication flows.