Mechanism of Nanoparticles functioning and Effects in Machining Processes: A Review

A colloidal mixture of nanometre-sized (<100 nm) metallic and non-metallic particles in conventional cutting fluid is called nanofluid. Nanofluids are considered to be potential heat transfer fluids because of their superior thermal and tribological properties. Therefore, nanoparticle enhanced cutting fluids have recently attracted the attention of researchers. This paper presents a summary of some important published research works on nanoparticle enriched cutting fluids. Authors have made efforts to understand the mechanism involved in functioning of different nanoparticles mixed in conventional fluids and their effects on different machining operations, such as, grinding, milling, turning, drilling, etc. From literature review, it has been found that in nanoparticle enriched cutting fluid machining, higher nanoparticle concentration yields better surface finish and more lubrication due to direct effect (rolling/sliding/filming) and surface enhancement effect (mending and polishing) of nanoparticles compared to dry machining and conventional cutting fluid machining. Furthermore, nanofluid also reduces the cutting force, power consumption, tool wear, nodal temperature and friction coefficient. Authors have also identified the research gaps for further research. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.