Advanced glycation end products accelerate arteriosclerosis after renal transplantation through the AGE/RAGE/ILK pathway

Background: The effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on arteriosclerosis (AS) after kidney transplantation and the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Methods: Samples were collected from 30 healthy volunteers and 30 renal transplant recipients (RTRs) to determine the levels of AGEs and to observe both histological changes and a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and osteopontin (OPN) expression. Furthermore, we analyzed alpha-SMA, OPN and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that were treated with AGEs and in ILK plasmid transfected rat VSMCs treated with AGEs. Finally, we measured the expression of ILK and the receptor for advanced glycation end (RAGE) products in rat VSMCs treated with AGEs and an anti-RAGE antibody. Results: Significant differences in the histological changes, serum AGEs, and expression of alpha-SMA and OPN in arterial walls were noted between healthy volunteers and RTRs. Significant OPN and ILK overexpression and reduced alpha-SMA expression were detected in a time-dependent manner in rat VSMCs after treatment with AGEs. Similar outcomes were observed fegarding the overexpression of ILK, and these results could be prevented via RAGE inhibition. Conclusions: AGEs may play a critical role in the formation and progression of AS after renal transplantation by inducing VSMCs-to-osteoblast trans-differentiation through the AGE/RAGE/ILK pathway. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.