An update on the treatment of mixed bipolar states: What is new in 2013?

Although common and severe, mixed states are rarely the subject of proper clinical trials. The aim of this paper is to systematically review data published in 2013 on the pharmacological treatment of mixed states. Methods: The Medline database was searched for 2013 publications using the following keywords: 'treatment': 'mixed': 'bipolar'. Results: Medline search returned 118 results. Manual inspection of abstracts allowed selecting six papers for further review. The first meta-analysis of the efficacy of second-generation antipsychotics in mixed episodes, published in 2013, showed the efficacy of these agents. Other papers suggested that asenapine and olanzapine were efficacious for mixed episodes, with olanzapine being equally effective in patients with or without substance abuse. Aripiprazole and ziprasidone were reported to be efficacious and safe in treating manic/mixed episodes in children and adolescents. In another trial, Calcitonin was not found to be superior to placebo in treating manic/mixed episodes. Conclusion: Although data suggest that most agents efficacious for mania may also be efficacious for mixed episodes, further studies are needed to confirm this assumption. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.