A fresh look at tobacco harm reduction: the case for the electronic cigarette
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Polosa, Riccardo
[1
,2
]
Rodu, Brad
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USAUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, CPCT, Presidio G Rodolico Unite Operat Med Interna & Me, Catania, Italy
Rodu, Brad
[3
]
Caponnetto, Pasquale
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, CPCT, Presidio G Rodolico Unite Operat Med Interna & Me, Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, CPCT, Presidio G Rodolico Unite Operat Med Interna & Me, Catania, Italy
Caponnetto, Pasquale
[1
]
Maglia, Marilena
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Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, CPCT, Presidio G Rodolico Unite Operat Med Interna & Me, Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, CPCT, Presidio G Rodolico Unite Operat Med Interna & Me, Catania, Italy
Maglia, Marilena
[1
]
Raciti, Cirino
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Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, CPCT, Presidio G Rodolico Unite Operat Med Interna & Me, Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, CPCT, Presidio G Rodolico Unite Operat Med Interna & Me, Catania, Italy
Raciti, Cirino
[1
]
机构:
[1] Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, CPCT, Presidio G Rodolico Unite Operat Med Interna & Me, Catania, Italy
[2] Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, G Rodolico Hosp, Inst Internal Med, Catania, Italy
[3] Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
Smokers of any age can reap substantial health benefits by quitting. In fact, no other single public health effort is likely to achieve a benefit comparable to large-scale smoking cessation. Surveys document that most smokers would like to quit, and many have made repeated efforts to do so. However, conventional smoking cessation approaches require nicotine addicted smokers to abstain from tobacco and nicotine entirely. Many smokers are unable - or at least unwilling - to achieve this goal, and so they continue smoking in the face of impending adverse health consequences. In effect, the status quo in smoking cessation presents smokers with just two unpleasant alternatives: quit or suffer the harmful effects of continuing smoking. But, there is a third choice for smokers: tobacco harm reduction. It involves the use of alternative sources of nicotine, including modern smokeless tobacco products like snus and the electronic cigarette (E-cig), or even pharmaceutical nicotine products, as a replacement for smoking. E-cigs might be the most promising product for tobacco harm reduction to date, because, besides delivering nicotine vapour without the combustion products that are responsible for nearly all of smoking's damaging effect, they also replace some of the rituals associated with smoking behaviour. Thus it is likely that smokers who switch to E-cigs will achieve large health gains. The focus of this article is on the health effects of using an E-cig, with consideration given to the acceptability, safety and effectiveness of this product as a long-term substitute for smoking.
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Univ Auckland, Clin Trials Res Unit, Auckland, New ZealandUniv Auckland, Clin Trials Res Unit, Auckland, New Zealand
Bullen, C.
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McRobbie, H.
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Queen Mary Univ London, Barts & London Sch Med & Dent, Wolfson Inst Prevent Med, London, EnglandUniv Auckland, Clin Trials Res Unit, Auckland, New Zealand
McRobbie, H.
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Thornley, S.
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Glover, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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Univ Auckland, Ctr Tobacco Control Res, Auckland 1, New ZealandUniv Auckland, Clin Trials Res Unit, Auckland, New Zealand
Glover, M.
;
Lin, R.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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Covance Pty Ltd, Biometr, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaUniv Auckland, Clin Trials Res Unit, Auckland, New Zealand
Lin, R.
;
Laugesen, M.
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h-index: 0
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Hlth New Zealand Ltd, Christchurch, New ZealandUniv Auckland, Clin Trials Res Unit, Auckland, New Zealand
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Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ, Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo CPCT, I-95124 Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med & Clin Immunol, Azienda Osped Univ,Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, I-95124 Catania, Italy
Caponnetto, P.
;
Cibella, F.
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CNR, Ist Biomed & Immunol Mol, Palermo, ItalyUniv Catania, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med & Clin Immunol, Azienda Osped Univ,Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, I-95124 Catania, Italy
Cibella, F.
;
Mancuso, S.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Catania, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med & Clin Immunol, Azienda Osped Univ,Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, I-95124 Catania, Italy
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ, Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo CPCT, I-95124 Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med & Clin Immunol, Azienda Osped Univ,Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, I-95124 Catania, Italy
Mancuso, S.
;
Campagna, D.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Catania, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med & Clin Immunol, Azienda Osped Univ,Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, I-95124 Catania, Italy
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ, Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo CPCT, I-95124 Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med & Clin Immunol, Azienda Osped Univ,Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, I-95124 Catania, Italy
机构:
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med, Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Caponnetto, Pasquale
;
Campagna, Davide
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med, Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Campagna, Davide
;
Cibella, Fabio
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:
Natl Res Council Italy, Inst Biomed & Mol Immunol, Palermo, ItalyUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Cibella, Fabio
;
Morjaria, Jaymin B.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:
Univ Hull, Castle Hill Hosp, Hull York Med Sch, Div Cardiovasc & Resp Studies, Cottingham, EnglandUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Morjaria, Jaymin B.
;
Caruso, Massimo
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Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med, Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Caruso, Massimo
;
Russo, Cristina
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med, Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
机构:
Med Univ S Carolina, Hollings Canc Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Charleston, SC 29425 USAMed Univ S Carolina, Hollings Canc Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
Carpenter, Matthew J.
;
Gray, Kevin M.
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Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Charleston, SC 29425 USAMed Univ S Carolina, Hollings Canc Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
机构:
Univ Auckland, Clin Trials Res Unit, Auckland, New ZealandUniv Auckland, Clin Trials Res Unit, Auckland, New Zealand
Bullen, C.
;
McRobbie, H.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Queen Mary Univ London, Barts & London Sch Med & Dent, Wolfson Inst Prevent Med, London, EnglandUniv Auckland, Clin Trials Res Unit, Auckland, New Zealand
McRobbie, H.
;
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Thornley, S.
;
Glover, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
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Univ Auckland, Ctr Tobacco Control Res, Auckland 1, New ZealandUniv Auckland, Clin Trials Res Unit, Auckland, New Zealand
Glover, M.
;
Lin, R.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Covance Pty Ltd, Biometr, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaUniv Auckland, Clin Trials Res Unit, Auckland, New Zealand
Lin, R.
;
Laugesen, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hlth New Zealand Ltd, Christchurch, New ZealandUniv Auckland, Clin Trials Res Unit, Auckland, New Zealand
机构:
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ, Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo CPCT, I-95124 Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med & Clin Immunol, Azienda Osped Univ,Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, I-95124 Catania, Italy
Caponnetto, P.
;
Cibella, F.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
CNR, Ist Biomed & Immunol Mol, Palermo, ItalyUniv Catania, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med & Clin Immunol, Azienda Osped Univ,Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, I-95124 Catania, Italy
Cibella, F.
;
Mancuso, S.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Catania, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med & Clin Immunol, Azienda Osped Univ,Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, I-95124 Catania, Italy
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ, Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo CPCT, I-95124 Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med & Clin Immunol, Azienda Osped Univ,Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, I-95124 Catania, Italy
Mancuso, S.
;
Campagna, D.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Catania, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med & Clin Immunol, Azienda Osped Univ,Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, I-95124 Catania, Italy
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ, Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo CPCT, I-95124 Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med & Clin Immunol, Azienda Osped Univ,Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, I-95124 Catania, Italy
机构:
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med, Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Caponnetto, Pasquale
;
Campagna, Davide
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med, Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Campagna, Davide
;
Cibella, Fabio
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Natl Res Council Italy, Inst Biomed & Mol Immunol, Palermo, ItalyUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Cibella, Fabio
;
Morjaria, Jaymin B.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Hull, Castle Hill Hosp, Hull York Med Sch, Div Cardiovasc & Resp Studies, Cottingham, EnglandUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Morjaria, Jaymin B.
;
Caruso, Massimo
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med, Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Caruso, Massimo
;
Russo, Cristina
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
Univ Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, S Marta Hosp, Inst Internal Med, Catania, ItalyUniv Catania, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin V Emanuele, Ctr Prevenz & Cura Tabagismo, Catania, Italy
机构:
Med Univ S Carolina, Hollings Canc Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Charleston, SC 29425 USAMed Univ S Carolina, Hollings Canc Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
Carpenter, Matthew J.
;
Gray, Kevin M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Charleston, SC 29425 USAMed Univ S Carolina, Hollings Canc Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA