Survey on Wireless Charging and Placement of Stations for Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles(EVs) is a candidate to be the future of world transportation. The idea of changing fuel charged transportation services to electrically charged systems is a breakthrough for efficient energy harnessing, conservation, and smooth energy transformation. Also, it is an effort to reduce detrimental emissions which have corresponding ramifications on a global scale. This directly impacts the present weather conditions plummeting the effects of global warming. In the current age of advanced technologies, there are many organizations which host the manufacturing of these vehicles. However, charging is a well-known problem for EVs. Therefore, several methods have been proposed to charge EVs. One of the conventional way is to charge a vehicle at a stop or a "station." The significant limitations are the time required for charging EVs and shorter traveling distances. Therefore, wireless charging has been proposed. There are several factors which affect the wireless charging. This paper surveyed the works which have been introduced by researchers. Numerous techniques are developed where the EV is charged based on the electromagnetic induction or inductive power transfer. Even though the passive wireless charging is implemented, the main issue which arises is the placements of wireless charging pads as well as the placement of the charging stations. Therefore, the paper introduces implementations and simulations from several research papers that focus on placements of wireless charging sections. Also, the paper describes several challenges to implement these systems. The factors affecting the charging methods and placements of the charging pads and stations are listed in the form of the parameters. The discussion and literature reviews will help the researcher and the general audience to understand the deployment of wireless charging pads or providing eco-routing of electric vehicles.