Overall survival of multiple myeloma in autologous stem cell transplantation: The case of patients in Dr. Shariati Hospital of Tehran

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is observed in 1% of all cancer cases and is considered the second most prevalent hematologic cancer after lymphoma. The present study aims to assess response to therapy among MM patients after autologous stem cell transplantation in low and high-risk groups. Method: Medical records of MM patients during 2008-2014 were evaluated and updated in 2017. Then, patients were classified according to the updated Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy consensus guidelines of 2013. In the next step, patients with standard and intermediate risks were regarded as "low" risk, while those with more risk were labeled as "high" risk, leading to a response to therapy according to overall disease-free survival (DFS). Results: First, 116 patients with a mean age of 54.33 years were analyzed, among whom 100 patients (86.2%) were considered low-risk, while 16 (13.8%) were regarded as high-risk, respectively. Based on the results, 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates among total patients were 92.89, 76.25, and 66.68%, respectively. The above-mentioned OS rates in the high-risk group were 92.89, 76.25, and 66.68%, and in the low-risk group were 78.57, 48.10, and 0%, respectively. A significant difference was observed between the low and high-risk groups in terms of DFS (p:0/02 vs. p:0/001). Multivariate analysis revealed that transplant-related mortality is significantly related to the risk group. Conclusion: Risk status among MM patients is significantly related to OS, DFS, and transplant-related mortality. Risk stratification among MM patients can facilitate therapy management and promote clinical responses.