Ultrasound techniques in the evaluation of the mediastinum, part I: endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and transcutaneous mediastinal ultrasound (TMUS), introduction into ultrasound techniques

被引:57
作者
Dietrich, Christoph Frank [1 ]
Annema, Jouke Tabe [2 ]
Clementsen, Paul [3 ,4 ]
Cui, Xin Wu [1 ]
Borst, Mathias Maximilian [5 ]
Jenssen, Christian [6 ]
机构
[1] Univ Wurzburg, Acad Teaching Hosp, Caritas Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Dept Med 2, D-97980 Bad Mergentheim, Germany
[2] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Resp Med, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
[3] Gentofte Univ Hosp, Dept Pulm Med, Hellerup, Denmark
[4] Univ Copenhagen & Capital Reg Denmark, Rigshosp, Ctr Clin Educ, Hellerup, Denmark
[5] Univ Wurzburg, Acad Teaching Hosp, Caritas Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Dept Med 1, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany
[6] Krankenhaus Markisch Oderland, Dept Internal Med, Strausberg Wriezen, Germany
关键词
Guidelines; lung cancer; sarcoidosis; staging; endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA); endobronchial ultrasound combined with transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA); training; endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope fine needle aspiration (EUS-B-FNA); transcutaneous ultrasound (TUS); FINE-NEEDLE-ASPIRATION; CELL LUNG-CANCER; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; LYMPH-NODE SIZE; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; BRONCHOGENIC-CARCINOMA; EFSUMB GUIDELINES; BASIC TECHNIQUE; SOLID LESIONS; CONVEX PROBE;
D O I
10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.09.40
中图分类号
R56 [呼吸系及胸部疾病];
学科分类号
摘要
Ultrasound imaging has gained importance in pulmonary medicine over the last decades including conventional transcutaneous ultrasound (TUS), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS). Mediastinal lymph node staging affects the management of patients with both operable and inoperable lung cancer (e.g., surgery vs. combined chemoradiation therapy). Tissue sampling is often indicated for accurate nodal staging. Recent international lung cancer staging guidelines clearly state that endosonography (EUS and EBUS) should be the initial tissue sampling test over surgical staging. Mediastinal nodes can be sampled from the airways [EBUS combined with transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA)] or the esophagus [EUS fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA)]. EBUS and EUS have a complementary diagnostic yield and in combination virtually all mediastinal lymph nodes can be biopsied. Additionally endosonography has an excellent yield in assessing granulomas in patients suspected of sarcoidosis. The aim of this review, in two integrative parts, is to discuss the current role and future perspectives of all ultrasound techniques available for the evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy and mediastinal staging of lung cancer. A specific emphasis will be on learning mediastinal endosonography. Part I is dealing with an introduction into ultrasound techniques, mediastinal lymph node anatomy and diagnostic reach of ultrasound techniques and part II with the clinical work up of neoplastic and inflammatory mediastinal lymphadenopathy using ultrasound techniques and how to learn mediastinal endosonography.
引用
收藏
页码:E311 / E325
页数:15
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