Matrix Binding of Ochratoxin A during Roasting

The mycotoxin ochratoxin A is degraded during coffee roasting by up to 90%. During this process, the two known degradation products, 14R-ochratoxin A and 14-decarboxy-ochratoxin A are formed. However, there is still an unexplained loss of more than 50% ochratoxin A. Here, we describe the binding of ochratoxin A to coffee polysaccharides via esterification as a further thermal reaction. This ester formation was studied by heating ochratoxin A with methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, a model compound to mimic polysaccharides. From this experiment, (22 -> 6') ochratoxin A-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside ester was isolated and characterized as a reaction product, showing the general ability of ochratoxin A for esterification with carbohydrates at roasting temperatures. Subsequently, a sample preparation protocol for the detection of ochratoxin A saccharide esters based on an enzymatic cleavage and purification using immunoaffinity chromatography was developed and applied. The detection was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Using this method, it was possible to detect ochratoxin A polysaccharide esters formed during roasting of artificially contaminated coffee, confirming the results of the previous model experiments. Thus, the formation of ochratoxin A esters is a further explanation for the loss of ochratoxin A during coffee roasting.