Evaluation of energy use in Jordan using energy and exergy analyses

In this paper, the energy and exergy utilizations in Jordan are analyzed by considering the energy and exergy flows for the year 2010 in the transportation, residential, and industrial sectors which represent more than 82% of total energy demand in Jordan. Detailed end-use models for the different sectors are established. For the transportation sector, the end-use model is constructed using scattered data from different governmental agencies. Due to lack of information for residential and industrial sectors, surveys covering 200 households and 180 industrial facilities were conducted and energy consumption data was gathered to establish detailed end-use models for the Jordanian residential and industrial sectors. Exergy analysis of Jordan indicates a less efficient picture than that obtained by the energy analysis. Energy and exergy efficiencies of Jordan were found to be equal to 48.2 and 23.2% respectively. It was found that the industrial sector is the most efficient energy and exergy sector. The study emphasizes the usefulness of the current methodology for analyzing sectoral energy and exergy utilization. This study will also provide an insight to energy analysts and policy makers in Jordan when considering the process of implementing energy policy measures such as energy efficiency standards in Jordan. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.