Coronary artery aneurysms caused by Kawasaki disease in an adult: A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is a self-limiting febrile illness and an acute vasculitis with an unknown origin. It predominantly affects children aged < 5 years. KD is the common cause of acquired heart disease in children. We here report a case of KD in an asymptomatic young female patient diagnosed with multiple coronary aneurysms with calcification. CASE SUMMARY A 29-year-old female patient admitted to Hangzhou First People's Hospital with coronary artery abnormality identified for 1 wk. The patient was asymptomatic; however, chest computed tomography occasionally revealed strip-like dense shadows in the coronal sulcus. After coronary angiography and Doppler echocardiography, the final diagnosis was coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) caused by KD. Although the patient was asymptomatic with no history of KD in childhood, the definitive diagnosis was CAAs caused by KD. The patient was administered anticoagulant, and surgical treatment was recommended. CONCLUSION KD potentially causes CAAs in 25% of untreated cases, primarily occurring in the proximal portions of the coronary arteries.