Maximum Matchings and Minimum Blocking Sets in Θ6-Graphs

Theta(6)-graphs are important geometric graphs that have many applications especially in wireless sensor networks. They are equivalent to Delaunay graphs where empty equilateral triangles take the place of empty circles. We investigate lower bounds on the size of maximum matchings in these graphs. The best known lower bound is n/3, where n is the number of vertices of the graph, which comes from half-Theta(6)-graphs that are subgraphs of Theta(6)-graphs. Babu et al. (2014) conjectured that any Theta(6)-graph has a (near-)perfect matching (as is true for standard Delaunay graphs). Although this conjecture remains open, we improve the lower bound to (3n - 8)/7. We also relate the size of maximum matchings in Theta(6)-graphs to the minimum size of a blocking set. Every edge of a Theta(6)-graph on point set P corresponds to an empty triangle that contains the endpoints of the edge but no other point of P. A blocking set has at least one point in each such triangle. We prove that the size of a maximum matching is at least beta(n)/2 where beta(n) is the minimum, over all Theta(6)-graphs with n vertices, of the minimum size of a blocking set. In the other direction, lower bounds on matchings can be used to prove bounds on beta, allowing us to show that beta(n) >= 3n/4 - 2.