Non-Darcian natural convection of a nanofluid due to triangular fins within trapezoidal enclosures partially filled with a thermal non-equilibrium porous layer

Numerical simulations for the convective transport due to triangular fins within an inclined trapezoidal enclosure that is filled by a nanofluid layer and a non-Darcy pours layer are conducted. The local thermal non-equilibrium model between the nanofluid and porous phases in the porous layer is applied. Various cases based on the perimeter of the triangular fin are considered. Suitable grid transformations are introduced to map the non-uniform physical domain to a rectangular domain. The transformed governing equations are solved using a non-orthogonal finite volume method with SIMPLE algorithm. The given results revealed that the average Nusselt number is enhanced by 95.60% at the thermal conductivity ratio (Kr) = 0.1 and 68.46% at Kr = 1 and 11.23% at Kr = 10 when the Nield parameter is varied from 1 to 1000. Also, the nanofluid activity is supported in cases of higher values of the aspect ratio A and the trapezoidal angle phi.