Regenerative and innovative joint medication in the horse - Part 2: Efficacy and adverse effects of joint medication in the horse - A review of the literature

The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis in the horse is a complex and incompletely understood process of joint degeneration. Many cases have proven to be refractory to intra-articular medication using conventional therapeutic agents. Over recent years this has encouraged the development of several new techniques utilizing regenerative preparations. The potential advantage of the use of these therapies is that they should allow a more complete restoration of joint health. In the future it appears likely that gene-therapy will permit the regrowth and repair of damaged cartilage along with healthy joint fluid. The objective of this research is to identify the clinically relevant information about regenerative and innovative intra-articular joint medications such as Pentosanpolysulphate, Autologous Conditioned Serum, Platelet Rich Plasma, Stem Cell techniques and Gene-Therapy based on a review of current in vitro- and in vivo studies.