The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO): overview of pilot measurements on ecosystem ecology, meteorology, trace gases, and aerosols

被引：215

作者：

Andreae, M. O. ^{[1
,2
,3
,4
]}

Acevedo, O. C. ^{[5
]}

Araujo, A. ^{[1
,6
]}

Artaxo, P. ^{[7
]}

Barbosa, C. G. G. ^{[8
]}

Barbosa, H. M. J. ^{[7
]}

Brito, J. ^{[7
]}

Carbone, S. ^{[7
]}

Chi, X. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Cintra, B. B. L. ^{[9
]}

da Silva, N. F. ^{[9
]}

Dias, N. L. ^{[8
]}

Dias-Junior, C. Q. ^{[10
,13
]}

Ditas, F. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Ditz, R. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Godoi, A. F. L. ^{[8
]}

Godoi, R. H. M. ^{[8
]}

Heimann, M. ^{[11
]}

Hoffmann, T. ^{[12
]}

Kesselmeier, J. ^{[13
]}

Koenemann, T. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Krueger, M. L. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Lavric, J. V. ^{[11
]}

Manzi, A. O. ^{[13
]}

Lopes, A. P. ^{[17
]}

Martins, D. L. ^{[17
]}

Mikhailov, E. F. ^{[1
,2
,3
,21
]}

Moran-Zuloaga, D. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Nelson, B. W. ^{[17
]}

Noelscher, A. C. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Nogueira, D. Santos ^{[14
]}

Piedade, M. T. F. ^{[9
]}

Poehlker, C. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Poeschl, U. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Quesada, C. A. ^{[17
]}

Rizzo, L. V. ^{[7
]}

Ro, C. -U. ^{[14
,15
]}

Ruckteschler, N. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Sa, L. D. A. ^{[16
]}

Sa, M. de Oliveira ^{[17
]}

Sales, C. B. ^{[13
,18
]}

dos Santos, R. M. N. ^{[19
]}

Saturno, J. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Schoengart, J. ^{[1
,2
,3
,9
]}

Soergel, M. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

de Souza, C. M. ^{[13
,20
]}

de Souza, R. A. F. ^{[19
]}

Su, H. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Targhetta, N. ^{[9
]}

Tota, J. ^{[19
,22
]}

机构：

[1] Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany

[2] Max Planck Inst Chem, Multiphase Chem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany

[3] Max Planck Inst Chem, Air Chem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany

[4] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA

[5] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dept Fis, BR-97119900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

[6] Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agr EMBRAPA, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil

[7] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil

[8] Fed Univ Parana UFPR, Dept Environm Engn, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil

[9] INPA, MAUA Grp, BR-69067375 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

[10] Inst Nacl Educ Ciencia & Tenol, Braganca, Para, Brazil

[11] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany

[12] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Dept Chem, D-55122 Mainz, Germany

[13] Clima & Ambiente CLIAMB, INPA, BR-69083000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

[14] Ctr Gestor Operac Sistema Protecao Amazonia CENSI, Belem, Para, Brazil

[15] Inha Univ, Dept Chem, Inchon 402751, South Korea

[16] INPE, Ctr Reg Amazonia, Belem, Para, Brazil

[17] INPA, LBA, BR-69067375 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

[18] CESP UEA, Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil

[19] Univ Estado Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

[20] Univ Fed Amazonas, UFAM ICSEZ Parintins, Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil

[21] Univ Fed Oeste Para UFOPA, Santarem, Para, Brazil

[22] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, Inst Atmospher Phys, St Petersburg 199034, Russia

来源：

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS | 2015年 / 15卷 / 18期

关键词：

STABLE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BIOMASS BURNING AEROSOLS; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; TOTAL OH REACTIVITY; LONG-TERM MEASUREMENTS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; LAND-USE CHANGE; COHERENT STRUCTURES;

D O I：

10.5194/acp-15-10723-2015

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

The Amazon Basin plays key roles in the carbon and water cycles, climate change, atmospheric chemistry, and biodiversity. It has already been changed significantly by human activities, and more pervasive change is expected to occur in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to establish long-term measurement sites that provide a baseline record of present-day climatic, biogeochemical, and atmospheric conditions and that will be operated over coming decades to monitor change in the Amazon region, as human perturbations increase in the future. The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been set up in a pristine rain forest region in the central Amazon Basin, about 150 km northeast of the city of Manaus. Two 80 m towers have been operated at the site since 2012, and a 325 m tower is nearing completion in mid-2015. An ecological survey including a biodiversity assessment has been conducted in the forest region surrounding the site. Measurements of micrometeorological and atmospheric chemical variables were initiated in 2012, and their range has continued to broaden over the last few years. The meteorological and micrometeorological measurements include temperature and wind profiles, precipitation, water and energy fluxes, turbulence components, soil temperature profiles and soil heat fluxes, radiation fluxes, and visibility. A tree has been instrumented to measure stem profiles of temperature, light intensity, and water content in cryptogamic covers. The trace gas measurements comprise continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ozone at five to eight different heights, complemented by a variety of additional species measured during intensive campaigns (e.g., VOC, NO, NO2, and OH reactivity). Aerosol optical, microphysical, and chemical measurements are being made above the canopy as well as in the canopy space. They include aerosol light scattering and absorption, fluorescence, number and volume size distributions, chemical composition, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, and hygroscopicity. In this paper, we discuss the scientific context of the ATTO observatory and present an overview of results from ecological, meteorological, and chemical pilot studies at the ATTO site.

引用

页码：10723 / 10776

页数：54

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