Function and Regulation of MicroRNAs and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Paediatric Liver Disease

被引:25
作者
Calvopina, Diego A. [1 ]
Coleman, Miranda A. [1 ]
Lewindon, Peter J. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Ramm, Grant A. [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] QIMR Berghofer Med Res Inst, Hepat Fibrosis Grp, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia
[2] Lady Cilento Childrens Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, 501 Stanley St, South Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia
[3] Univ Queensland, Fac Med & Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia
基金
英国医学研究理事会; 澳大利亚国家健康与医学研究理事会;
关键词
microRNA; children; chronic liver disease; circulatory miRNA; MESSENGER-RNA DEGRADATION; CIRCULATING MICRORNAS; BILIARY ATRESIA; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES; MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; VIRUS-INFECTION; NATURAL-HISTORY; TARGETING ZEB1;
D O I
10.3390/ijms17111795
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs involved in biological and pathological processes of every cell type, including liver cells. Transcribed from specific genes, miRNA precursors are processed in the cytoplasm into mature miRNAs and as part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) complex binds to messenger RNA (mRNA) by imperfect complementarity. This leads to the regulation of gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. The function of a number of different miRNAs in fibrogenesis associated with the progression of chronic liver disease has recently been elucidated. Furthermore, miRNAs have been shown to be both disease-and tissue-specific and are stable in the circulation, which has led to increasing investigation on their utility as biomarkers for the diagnosis of chronic liver diseases, including those in children. Here, we review the current knowledge on the biogenesis of microRNA, the mechanisms of translational repression and the use of miRNA as circulatory biomarkers in chronic paediatric liver diseases including cystic fibrosis associated liver disease, biliary atresia and viral hepatitis B.
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页数:24
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