Fermi surface mapping by photoemission

Angle-resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS) data are usually measured spectrum by spectrum at various emission angles or photon energies in order to observe the dispersion of energy bands in solids and on their surfaces. In these lecture notes an alternative experimental procedure is described which yields a direct mapping of constant energy surfaces within the band structure, and specifically of the Fermi surface. This approach appears very promising, in particular when applied to magnetic systems and systems with narrow bands. Fermi surfaces of surface states are seen in direct relation to the underlying bulk Fermi surface.