Propagation of self-localized Q-ball solitons in the 3He universe

被引：13
作者：
Autti, S. [1 ]
Heikkinen, P. J. [1 ,3 ]
Volovik, G. E. [1 ,2 ]
Zavjalov, V. V. [1 ]
Eltsov, V. B. [1 ]
机构：
[1] Aalto Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Low Temp Lab, POB 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
[2] Landau Inst Theoret Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
[3] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England
来源：
PHYSICAL REVIEW B | 2018年 / 97卷 / 01期
基金：
芬兰科学院; 欧洲研究理事会;
关键词：
BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; LIVED INDUCTION SIGNAL; SUPERFLUID HE-3-B; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SPIN PRECESSION; DARK-MATTER; MAGNONS; HELIUM; SUPERCURRENT; FORK;
D O I：
10.1103/PhysRevB.97.014518
中图分类号：
T [工业技术];
学科分类号：
08 ;
摘要：
In relativistic quantum field theories, compact objects of interacting bosons can become stable owing to conservation of an additive quantum number Q. Discovering such Q balls propagating in the universe would confirm supersymmetric extensions of the standard model and may shed light on the mysteries of dark matter, but no unambiguous experimental evidence exists. We have created long-lived Q-ball solitons in superfluid He-3, where the role of the Q ball is played by a Bose-Einstein condensate of magnon quasiparticles. The principal qualitative attribute of aQball is observed experimentally: its propagation in space together with the self-created potential trap. Additionally, we show that this system allows for a quantitatively accurate representation of the Q-ball Hamiltonian. OurQball belongs to the class of the Friedberg-Lee-SirlinQballs with an additional neutral field., which is provided by the orbital part of the Nambu-Goldstone mode. MultipleQballs can be created in the experiment, and we have observed collisions between them. This set of features makes the magnon condensates in superfluid He-3 a versatile platform for studies of Q-ball dynamics and interactions in three spatial dimensions.
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页数：9
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