High-quality self-ordered TiO2 nanotubes on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass

High quality self-ordered TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) were grown on a conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide glass by anodization of titanium thin film. The result showed that high density Ti film with good adhesion was obtained by direct current magenetron sputtering at 200 A degrees C. The dependence of morphology of TNTs on anodization time was investigated by scanning electron microscope. The crystal structure of TNTs was transformed from amorphous to anatase as a result of the annealing at 500 A degrees C for 180 min. The influences of anodization time on the crystallization of nanotubes also were investigated. The proposed low cost method for fabricating TNTs provides an approach to enhance the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells.