Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and Vaccine Development

被引:22
|
作者
Ike, Anthony C. [1 ]
Onu, Chisom J. [2 ]
Ononugbo, Chukwuebuka M. [3 ]
Reward, Eleazar E. [2 ]
Muo, Sophia O. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Nigeria, Fac Biol Sci, Dept Microbiol, Nsukka 410001, Enugu, Nigeria
[2] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
[3] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Biotechnol, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
关键词
herpes simplex virus; immune system; immune response; vaccine; NF-KAPPA-B; PML NUCLEAR-BODIES; REGULATORY T-CELLS; DNA SENSOR CGAS; GENITAL HERPES; THERAPEUTIC VACCINE; UBIQUITIN LIGASE; DENDRITIC CELLS; TYPE-1; HSV-1; ICP0;
D O I
10.3390/vaccines8020302
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are among the most common viral infections and usually last for a lifetime. The virus can potentially be controlled with vaccines since humans are the only known host. However, despite the development and trial of many vaccines, this has not yet been possible. This is normally attributed to the high latency potential of the virus. Numerous immune cells, particularly the natural killer cells and interferon gamma and pathways that are used by the body to fight HSV infections have been identified. On the other hand, the virus has developed different mechanisms, including using different microRNAs to inhibit apoptosis and autophagy to avoid clearance and aid latency induction. Both traditional and new methods of vaccine development, including the use of live attenuated vaccines, replication incompetent vaccines, subunit vaccines and recombinant DNA vaccines are now being employed to develop an effective vaccine against the virus. We conclude that this review has contributed to a better understanding of the interplay between the immune system and the virus, which is necessary for the development of an effective vaccine against HSV.
引用
收藏
页码:1 / 22
页数:23
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