A Deep Investigation of the Synchronization Mechanisms in LC-CMOS Frequency Dividers

被引：19

作者：

Buonomo, Antonio ^{[1
]}

Lo Schiavo, Alessandro ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Naples 2, Dipartimento Ingn Ind & Informaz, I-81031 Aversa, CE, Italy

来源：

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS | 2013年 / 60卷 / 11期

关键词：

Analog frequency dividers; averaging method; injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs); nonlinear oscillators; synchronization; NONLINEAR DISTORTION; OSCILLATORS; CIRCUITS; VCO;

D O I：

10.1109/TCSI.2013.2252452

中图分类号：

TM [电工技术]; TN [电子技术、通信技术];

学科分类号：

0808 ; 0809 ;

摘要：

The behavior of LC-CMOS frequency dividers is investigated in depth obtaining a new and clearer insight into the synchronization phenomenon. We show that it occurs according to two mechanisms, which are referred to as "synchronization by mixing" and "synchronization by harmonics." This latter, still not known, may be the dominant mechanism in some practical circuits, and justifies the presence of locked states when the well known mechanism by mixing fails to predict them. A new model of CMOS frequency dividers that includes both mechanisms is presented, and its utility is demonstrated by analyzing the locked states of a divider by 3 and of a divider by 4, which are predicted in closed form. The calculation results show a close correspondence between the theory and the circuit simulations and measurements.

引用

页码：2857 / 2866

页数：10

共 35 条

[1] A STUDY OF LOCKING PHENOMENA IN OSCILLATORS
ADLER, R
[J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTE OF RADIO ENGINEERS, 1946, 34 (06): : 351 - 357
[2] Mechanism of Synchronization in Frequency Dividers
Amann, Andreas
Mortell, Michael Philip
O'Reilly, Eoin P.
Quinlan, Michael
Rachinskii, Dmitrii
[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS, 2009, 56 (01) : 190 - 199
[3] [Anonymous], 1964, Nonlinear Oscillations in Physical Systems
[4] [Anonymous], P CAMB PHIL SOC
[5] Brambilla A., 2008, T CIRCUITS SYST, V55, P1064
[6] Improved Small-Signal Analysis for Circuits Working in Periodic Steady State
Brambilla, Angelo
Gruosso, Giambattista
Redaelli, Massimo A.
Gajani, Giancarlo Storti
Caviglia, Daniele D.
[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS, 2010, 57 (02) : 427 - 437
[7] Perturbation analysis of nonlinear distortion in analog integrated circuits
Buonomo, A
Lo Schiavo, A
[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS, 2005, 52 (08) : 1620 - 1631
[8] Asymptotic formulas in nearly sinusoidal nonlinear oscillators
Buonomo, A
DiBello, C
[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, 1996, 43 (12): : 953 - 963
[9] Analyzing the dynamic behavior of RF oscillators
Buonomo, A
Lo Schiavo, A
[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, 2002, 49 (11): : 1525 - 1534
[10] Finding the tuning curve of a CMOS -: LC VCO
Buonomo, Antonio
Lo Schiavo, Alessandro
[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS, 2008, 55 (09) : 887 - 891

← 1 2 3 4 →