Drought as a Trigger for Rapid State Shifts in Kettle Ecosystems: Implications for Ecosystem Responses to Climate Change

被引:28
作者
Ireland, Alex W. [1 ]
Booth, Robert K. [1 ]
Hotchkiss, Sara C. [2 ]
Schmitz, Jennifer E. [3 ]
机构
[1] Lehigh Univ, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA
[2] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[3] Univ Wisconsin, Limnol & Marine Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Peatlands; Autogenic succession; Allogenic processes; Hydrology; Geomorphology; Sedimentation; Ecosystem state shift; Carbon cycling; Ecosystem services; Model systems; CEDAR CREEK BOG; SPHAGNUM BOGS; POSTGLACIAL DEVELOPMENT; PEATLAND DEVELOPMENT; CARBON ACCUMULATION; LANDSCAPE POSITION; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; METHANE FLUXES; ARCTIC TUNDRA; LAKE;
D O I
10.1007/s13157-012-0324-6
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Global climate change has raised important questions about ecosystem resilience and the likelihood of unexpected and potentially irreversible ecosystem state shifts. Conceptual models provide a framework for generating hypotheses about long-term ecosystem processes and their responses to external perturbations. In this article, we review the classic model of autogenic peatland encroachment into closed-basin kettle lakes (terrestrialization) as well as studies that document patterns of terrestrialization that are inconsistent with this hypothesis. We then present a new conceptual model of episodic, drought-triggered terrestrialization, which is consistent with existing data and provides a mechanism by which climatic variability could cause non-linear patterns of peatland development in these ecosystems. Next, we review data from comparative studies of kettle lakes along a peatland-development gradient to explore potential ecological and biogeochemical consequences of non-linear patterns of terrestrialization. Finally, we identify research approaches that could be used to test conceptual models of terrestrialization, investigate the ecological implications of non-linear patterns of peatland development, and improve our ability to predict responses of kettle systems to climate changes of the coming decades and century.
引用
收藏
页码:989 / 1000
页数:12
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