Measurement and Correlation of the Solubility of 2-Cyanoacetamide in 14 Pure Solvents and the Mixing Properties of Solutions

The solubility of 2-cyanoacetamide in N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, methyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-propanol, n-butanol, trichloromethane, dichloromethane, 1,4-dioxane, and water was measured by a laser dynamic method under atmospheric pressure in the temperature range of (273.15-318.15) K. The solubility order of 2-cyanoacetamide in selected solvents was N,N-dimethylformamide > acetone > water > acetonitrile > methanol > methyl acetate >1,4-dioxane > tetrahydrofuran > ethanol > ethyl acetate > n-propanol > n-butanol > trichloromethane > dichloromethane. Hansen solubility parameters were used to explain and predict the solubility behavior of 2-cyanoacetamide. The modified Apelblat equation, lambda h equation, NRTL model equation, and Wilson model were used to correlate the experimental solubility data. The values of the RMSD (less than 0.005) and RAD (less than 0.2) indicated that the modified Apelblat equation agreed well with the experimental values, compared to other models. The values of Delta(mix)G, Delta S-mix, Delta H-mix, the activity coefficient, and the reduced excess enthalpy were obtained on the basis of the Wilson model. The mixing process of 2-cyanoacetamide in the studied solvents was a favorable and spontaneous process. The gamma(infinity)(1) and gamma(1) values were not similar, which means that 2-cyanoacetamide in selected solvent solution systems was nonideal.