The effect of arch-support insole on knee kinematics and kinetics during a stop-jump maneuver

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament injuries commonly occur during sports that involve sudden stops or direction changes. Although athletes often use arch-support insoles in competition and training, little is known about the effect of foot insoles on knee biomechanics and jump take-off performances. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of arch-support insoles on knee kinematics and kinetics during the stopbraking phase and the subsequent jump take-off performances. Study design: That is a quasi-experimental study, repeated-measures design. Methods: Twenty male healthy recreational university basketball athletes performed stop-jump with maximum effort in both archsupport and flat insole conditions. Paired t-tests were performed on knee kinetics and kinematics and jump performance variables to determine whether there were significant differences between insole conditions. Results: Wearing arch-support insoles experienced larger ground reaction forces (GRFs), loading rates of peak vertical and posterior GRFs, peak knee adduction and rotation moments, and knee flexion angular velocity than the flat insoles (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The increased GRFs and knee loading in arch-support insoles are indicative of a higher risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. The findings could be insightful to the knee mechanics that are related to performance and injury potential during stopjump maneuvers.