Pectic polysaccharides as an acrylamide mitigation strategy - Competition between reducing sugars and sugar acids

The main route for acrylamide formation is the reaction between reducing sugars and asparagine. As foods pH modulates acrylamide formation, cooking under the lowest pH is a possible mitigation strategy, as long as it does not compromise the expected foods sensorial characteristics. Polymeric acid compounds, such as pectin or pectate, which are acidic polysaccharides, can provide acidity without significant interference in taste or colour. To prove this hypothesis, biscuits were prepared with tartaric acid (control to acidic effect), and galacturonic acid in monomeric (GalA), oligomeric, and polymeric forms (pectin or pectate). While 1% GalA leads to 95% increase in acrylamide, biscuits prepared with 5% pectin had a 67% decrease. Replacing sucrose with fructose increased the acrylamide levels in control biscuits above the benchmark level of 150 mg/kg recommended by EFSA for children. However, addition of pectin/pectate had an effective acrylamide mitigation by lowering its content below these indicative values. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.