Pulmonary Rehabilitation Utilization in Older Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2003 to 2012

PURPOSE: To assess the trends in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) utilization and factors associated with its use in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: We examined data for Medicare beneficiaries with COPD who received PR from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2012. Persons with COPD were identified by (1) 2 outpatient visits >30 days apart within 1 year with an encounter diagnosis of COPD or (2) an acute care hospitalization with COPD as the primary diagnosis or a primary diagnosis of acute respiratory failure with a secondary discharge diagnosis of COPD. PR utilization was the study outcome identified by health care common procedure coding system codes G0237, G0238, G0239, and G0424 (after year 2010) or current procedural terminology codes (97001, 97003, 97110, 97116, 97124, 97139, 97150, 97530, 97535, and 97537) in a calendar year. RESULTS: Patients with COPD who received PR increased from 2.6% in 2003 to 3.7% in 2012 (P = .001). In a multivariable analysis, factors associated with receipt of PR were younger age, non-Hispanic white race, high socioeconomic status, multiple comorbidities (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.13-1.27), and evaluation by a pulmonary physician (OR = 2.23; 95% CI = 2.13-2.33). Increased use of PR was attributed to prior users rather than new users of PR. CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of PR during the study period increased only 1.1% in these Medicare beneficiaries with COPD and remained low.