TiO2 nanotubes and its composites: Photocatalytic and other photo-driven applications

This article describes the multifunctional applications of TiO2. It substantiates the universality of the anodization process to grow well-ordered TiOx nanotube (T-NT) of hollow cylindrical shape on a variety of planar and nonplanar substrates. It highlights an approach to effectively bring down the cost of anodization via utilization of a small volume of electrolyte. The multifunctionality of these nanostructures is highlighted through representative examples that illustrate wide ranging optical, electronic, and catalytic properties. Combining the T-NT with other materials such as metals and photoactive additives to form composite nanostructures has been shown to benefit photocatalysis, photovoltaics, biological processes, and environment-related applications. This article also demonstrates the applicability of T-NT as an agent to produce dissolved oxygen in simulated blood-an application that can assist in the development of artificial lungs. Key results from the research group, collaborations, and recent articles are highlighted.