Reconceptualizing the origins of number knowledge: A ''non-numerical'' account

This paper presents a new conceptualization of the origins of numerical competence in humans. I first examine the existing claim that infants are innately provided with a system of specifically numerical knowledge, consisting of both cardinal and ordinal concepts. I suggest instead that the observed behaviors require only simple perceptual discriminations based on domain-independent competencies. At most, these involve the formal equivalent of cardinal information. Finally, I present a ''non-numerical'' account that characterizes infants' competencies with regard to numerosity as emerging primarily from some general characteristics of the human perception and attention system.