US agricultural nitrous oxide emissions: context, status, and trends

被引:69
作者
Cavigelli, Michel A. [1 ]
Del Grosso, Stephen J. [2 ]
Liebig, Mark A. [3 ]
Snyder, Clifford S. [4 ,5 ]
Fixen, Paul E. [4 ,5 ]
Venterea, Rodney T. [6 ]
Leytem, April B. [7 ]
McLain, Jean E. [8 ]
Watts, Dexter B. [9 ]
机构
[1] ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA
[2] ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA
[3] ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, USDA, Mandan, ND USA
[4] Int Plant Nutr Inst, Conway, AR USA
[5] Int Plant Nutr Inst, Brookings, SD USA
[6] ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN USA
[7] NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA
[8] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
[9] ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL USA
关键词
ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; USE EFFICIENCY; N2O EMISSIONS; MAIZE; CROPS; YIELD;
D O I
10.1890/120054
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
The use of commercial nitrogen (N) fertilizers has led to enormous increases in US agricultural productivity. However, N losses from agricultural systems have resulted in numerous deleterious environmental impacts, including a continuing increase in atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas (GHG) and an important catalyst of stratospheric ozone depletion. Although associated with about 7% of total US GHG emissions, agricultural systems account for 75% of total US N2O emissions. Increased productivity in the crop and livestock sectors during the past 30 to 70 years has resulted in decreased N2O emissions per unit of production, but N2O emissions from US agriculture continue to increase at a rate of approximately 0.46 teragrams of carbon dioxide equivalents per year (2002-2009). This rate is lower than that during the late 20th century. Improvements in agricultural productivity alone may be insufficient to lead to reduced emissions; implementing strategies specifically targeted at reducing N2O emissions may therefore be necessary. Front Ecol Environ 2012; 10(10): 537-546, doi:10.1890/120054
引用
收藏
页码:537 / 546
页数:10
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