Characteristics of Intramural Scar in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy and Relation to Intramural Ventricular Arrhythmias

Background Ventricular arrhythmias have been described to originate from intramural locations. Intramural scar can be assessed by delayed-enhanced MRI, but MRIs cannot be performed on every patient. The objective of this study was to assess the value of voltage mapping to detect MRI-defined intramural scar and to correlate the scar with ventricular arrhythmias. Methods and Results In 15 consecutive patients (3 women; age 5516 years; ejection fraction, 49 +/- 13%) with structural heart disease, intramural scar was detected by delayed-enhanced MRI. All patients underwent endocardial unipolar and bipolar voltage mapping guided by the registered intramural scar. Scar volume by MRI was 11.7 +/- 8 cm(3) with a scar thickness of 4.6 +/- 0.7 mm and a preserved endocardial/epicardial rim of 3.3 +/- 1.6 and 4.8 +/- 2.6 mm, respectively. Endocardial bipolar voltage was 1.6 +/- 1.73 mV at the scar, 2.12 +/- 2.15 mV in a 1 cm perimeter around the scar, and 2.83 +/- 3.39 mV in remote myocardium without scar. The corresponding unipolar voltage was 4.94 +/- 3.25, 6.59 +/- 3.81, and 8.32 +/- 3.39 mV, respectively (P<0.0001). Using receiver-operator characteristic curves, a unipolar cut-off value of 6.78 mV (area under the curve, 0.78) and a bipolar cut-off value of 1.55 mV (area under the curve, 0.69) best separated endocardial measurements overlying scar as compared with areas not overlying a scar. At least 1 intramural ventricular arrhythmia was eliminated in all but 2 patients in this series. Conclusions Intramural scar can be detected by unipolar and bipolar voltage, unipolar voltage being more useful. Mapping and ablation of intramural arrhythmias originating from an intramural focus can be accomplished.