Upper Yellow River air concentrations of organochlorine pesticides estimated from tree bark, and their relationship with socioeconomic indices

Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) concentrations in tree bark from the upper Yellow River region were determined. Total OCP concentrations ranged from 2.7 to 82 ng/g dw, with a mean of 20 ng/g dw. Concentrations of total (Sigma) DDTs (0.49-37 ng/g dw), HCHs (0.55-4.5 ng/g dw), and HCB (0.1-1.0 ng/g dw) were much higher than the other OCPs and accounted for 89% of the Sigma OCP concentrations. p,p'-DDT was the dominant member of the DDT pesticide group and beta-HCH was the dominant HCH isomer. The p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE and alpha-HCH/gamma-HCH ratios suggested that there were recent DDT and gamma-HCH releases. OCP concentrations in the air were estimated from the tree bark, and the estimated median Sigma DDTs, Sigma HCHs, and HCB concentrations in the air were 0.09, 0.14, and 0.024 pg/m(3), respectively. The relationship between total OCP concentrations and socioeconomic and natural environment indices were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis, and a regression equation including all these factors was obtained. Population density and tertiary industry were the two dominant factors that appeared to affect OCP concentrations in the upper Yellow River region.