Extended Period Simulation for Pressure-Deficient Water Distribution Network

A water distribution network is said to be under pressure-deficient condition when hydraulic-head or pressure-head at any of its nodes fall below the required level. The demands at these pressure-deficient nodes cannot be fully satisfied. To make the analysis simple, it is generally assumed that the demand is fully satisfied irrespective of the pressure-head available and this approach is referred as demand-driven analysis. For simplicity, demand-driven analysis received great attention in the past and several computer packages are readily available for the analysis of normal operational water distribution network. On the other hand, head-driven or pressure-driven analysis could be effectively used to analyze the pressure-deficient condition as these methods consider the head-discharge relationship at every node. This paper presents a pressure-deficient analysis algorithm using the widely used demand-driven analysis-based solver. The proposed algorithm is validated through benchmark water distribution network and then extended period simulation is carried out for a multiple source pumped network. The analysis shows that the proposed algorithm could find the partial nodal outflows and corresponding hydraulic-head values in a single hydraulic simulation run. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000160. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.